Infection toxicity assessment of tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors in the treatment of IBD: a real-world study based on the US food and drug administration adverse events reporting system (FAERS)

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors are widely used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but systematic risk assessment of infectious toxicity is still lacking. We used disproportional analysis to calculate infection-related risk signals for four TNF-α inhibitors and compared them with infection-related signals for seven other therapies. There were 55,379 reports of infection-related adverse events (AEs) with TNF-α inhibitors as a ‘primary suspect (PS)’ therapy. The median time to onset of infection-related AEs was 113 days (interquartile range [IQR] 14–612). TNF-α inhibitors present the strongest infectious toxic signal than interleukin 12/23 (IL-12/23) inhibitors, integrin blockers, Jak inhibitors, and S1P receptor modulator. Compared with infliximab, certolizumab pegol, and adalimumab, golimumab showed the strongest signal. The strongest signal corresponding to appendicitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infection, otitis media and herpes zoster is golimumab, infliximab, golimumab, natalizumab, certolizumab pegol, infliximab, and infliximab. Compared with other control therapies, TNF-α inhibitors have the strongest infectious toxicity signal. Compared with other TNF-α inhibitors, golimumab has the strongest infectious toxicity signal. When using TNF-α inhibitors to treat IBD, infection-related AEs should be vigilant.