Environmental Monitoring of Soil Quality and Phytochemical Constituents of Tree Species at Urban Crossroads
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The study was aimed to monitor soil quality and phytochemical constituents of tree species at urban crossroads, Anand Town (The Milk City of India), Gujarat, for four months [January to April (2014)] at three major crossroads viz. Ganesh Cross (GC), Chikhodra Cross (CC) and Samarkha Cross (SC). Soil quality was determined using parameters such as Temperature, pH, Phenolphthalein Alkalinity (PA), Total Alkalinity (TA), Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Chloride (Cl), Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Organic Matter (TOM), Chromium (Cr) and Ferrous (Fe). Phytochemical constituents of tree species viz. Azadirachta indica (AI), Peltoforum pterocarpum (PT) and Polyalthia longifolium (PL) was determined by estimating the amounts of metabolites e.g. Carbohydrates (CB), Proteins (PR), Amino Acids (AA) and Phenols (Ph). At GC, soil around AI contained highest contents of pH, TA, Bicarbonates, Ca and Cl, whereas, TH, Mg, TOC, TOM and Fe were maximum in soil around PT, while soil around PL contained more amounts of rest of the parameters. At CC, soil around AI contained highest contents of pH, Ca, Cl, Phosphate and Cr, whereas, Nitrate and Fe were maximum in soil around PT, while soil around PL contained more amounts of rest of the parameters. At SC, soil around AI contained highest contents of pH, TA, Ca, Cl, Sulphate, Nitrate, Cr and Fe, whereas, Bicarbonates, TH, Mg, Phosphate, TOC and TOM were maximum in soil around PT, while soil around PL contained more amounts of rest of the parameters. In case of AI, soil of GC contained highest contents of TA, Bicarbonates, TH, Ca and Mg, whereas, Cl, Phosphate, TOC, TOM, Cr and Fe were maximum in soil of CC, while soil of SC contained more amounts of rest of the parameters. In case of PT, soil of GC contained highest contents of Ca and Cr, whereas, TA, Bicarbonates, Sulphate, Nitrate and Fe were maximum in soil of CC, while soil of SC contained more amounts of rest of the parameters. In case of PL, soil of GC contained highest contents of Ca, Phosphate, Nitrate and Cr, whereas, TA, Bicarbonates, Sulphate, TOC and TOM were maximum in soil of CC, while soil of SC contained more amounts of rest of the parameters. Overall, AI contained maximum amounts of pH, Ca and Cl, PT with TH, Mg, Phosphate, Nitrate, TOC, TOM and Fe, and PL with rest of the parameters. Correlation Coefficient Matrix (r) revealed strong positive correlation between TA & Bicarbonates, pH & Ca, Ca & Cl, Temperature & Sulphate, TH & Mg with Nitrate, Cl & TOC, TOC & TOM, Bicarbonates & Sulphate with Cr and Phosphate, and Nitrate & TOM with Fe. With respect to metabolites, AI of CC contained more amounts of PR, AA & Ph, CB in AI of SC, PT with PR & AA, CB in CC, Ph in SC, CB in PL, and PR, AA & Ph in PL of Sc. Overall, CB was highest in PL, PR & AA in PT, and Ph in AI. Correlation Coefficient Matrix (r) revealed strong positive correlation between PR and AA.
本研究旨在对印度古吉拉特邦阿南德镇(印度“牛奶之城”)城市主干道十字路口的土壤质量及树木物种的植物化学成分展开为期4个月的监测(2014年1月至4月),监测点位涵盖3处主要十字路口:迦内什路口(Ganesh Cross, GC)、奇科德拉路口(Chikhodra Cross, CC)及萨马尔卡路口(Samarkha Cross, SC)。 土壤质量通过以下参数进行评定:温度、pH值、酚酞碱度(Phenolphthalein Alkalinity, PA)、总碱度(Total Alkalinity, TA)、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、总硬度(Total Hardness, TH)、钙(Calcium, Ca)、镁(Magnesium, Mg)、氯化物(Chloride, Cl)、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon, TOC)、总有机质(Total Organic Matter, TOM)、铬(Chromium, Cr)及亚铁(Ferrous, Fe)。 本次研究涉及的树木物种为印楝(Azadirachta indica, AI)、Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)及长叶暗罗(Polyalthia longifolium, PL),通过测定其代谢物含量分析植物化学成分,所测代谢物包括碳水化合物(Carbohydrates, CB)、蛋白质(Proteins, PR)、氨基酸(Amino Acids, AA)及酚类(Phenols, Ph)。 在迦内什路口(GC),印楝(AI)周边土壤的pH值、总碱度(TA)、碳酸氢盐、钙(Ca)及氯化物(Cl)含量最高;Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)周边土壤的总硬度(TH)、镁(Mg)、总有机碳(TOC)、总有机质(TOM)及亚铁(Fe)含量达到峰值;长叶暗罗(PL)周边土壤的其余参数含量更高。 在奇科德拉路口(CC),印楝(AI)周边土壤的pH值、钙(Ca)、氯化物(Cl)、磷酸盐及铬(Cr)含量最高;Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)周边土壤的硝酸盐及亚铁(Fe)含量达到峰值;长叶暗罗(PL)周边土壤的其余参数含量更高。 在萨马尔卡路口(SC),印楝(AI)周边土壤的pH值、总碱度(TA)、钙(Ca)、氯化物(Cl)、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铬(Cr)及亚铁(Fe)含量最高;Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)周边土壤的碳酸氢盐、总硬度(TH)、镁(Mg)、磷酸盐、总有机碳(TOC)及总有机质(TOM)含量达到峰值;长叶暗罗(PL)周边土壤的其余参数含量更高。 针对印楝(AI)而言,迦内什路口(GC)的土壤中总碱度(TA)、碳酸氢盐、总硬度(TH)、钙(Ca)及镁(Mg)含量最高;奇科德拉路口(CC)的土壤中氯化物(Cl)、磷酸盐、总有机碳(TOC)、总有机质(TOM)、铬(Cr)及亚铁(Fe)含量达到峰值;萨马尔卡路口(SC)的土壤中其余参数含量更高。 针对Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)而言,迦内什路口(GC)的土壤中钙(Ca)及铬(Cr)含量最高;奇科德拉路口(CC)的土壤中总碱度(TA)、碳酸氢盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐及亚铁(Fe)含量达到峰值;萨马尔卡路口(SC)的土壤中其余参数含量更高。 针对长叶暗罗(PL)而言,迦内什路口(GC)的土壤中钙(Ca)、磷酸盐、硝酸盐及铬(Cr)含量最高;奇科德拉路口(CC)的土壤中总碱度(TA)、碳酸氢盐、硫酸盐、总有机碳(TOC)及总有机质(TOM)含量达到峰值;萨马尔卡路口(SC)的土壤中其余参数含量更高。 整体而言,印楝(AI)周边土壤的pH值、钙(Ca)及氯化物(Cl)含量最高;Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)周边土壤的总硬度(TH)、镁(Mg)、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、总有机碳(TOC)、总有机质(TOM)及亚铁(Fe)含量最高;长叶暗罗(PL)周边土壤的其余参数含量最高。 相关系数矩阵(r)显示,总碱度(TA)与碳酸氢盐、pH值与钙(Ca)、钙(Ca)与氯化物(Cl)、温度与硫酸盐、总硬度(TH)与镁(Mg)及硝酸盐、氯化物(Cl)与总有机碳(TOC)、总有机碳(TOC)与总有机质(TOM)、碳酸氢盐与硫酸盐及铬(Cr)和磷酸盐、硝酸盐与总有机质(TOM)及亚铁(Fe)之间存在显著正相关关系。 关于代谢物,奇科德拉路口(CC)的印楝(AI)中蛋白质(PR)、氨基酸(AA)与酚类(Ph)含量更高;萨马尔卡路口(SC)的印楝(AI)中碳水化合物(CB)含量更高;Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)的蛋白质(PR)与氨基酸(AA)含量更高,奇科德拉路口(CC)的Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)中碳水化合物(CB)含量更高,萨马尔卡路口(SC)的Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)中酚类(Ph)含量更高;长叶暗罗(PL)的碳水化合物(CB)含量更高;萨马尔卡路口(SC)的长叶暗罗(PL)中蛋白质(PR)、氨基酸(AA)与酚类(Ph)含量更高。 整体而言,碳水化合物(CB)含量在长叶暗罗(PL)中最高,蛋白质(PR)与氨基酸(AA)含量在Peltoforum pterocarpum(PT)中最高,酚类(Ph)含量在印楝(AI)中最高。 相关系数矩阵(r)显示,蛋白质(PR)与氨基酸(AA)之间存在显著正相关关系。




