Dataset for "Cross-scale convergence in the carbon balance of managed boreal forests in Northern Sweden"

This dataset is a compilation of annual CO2 flux estimates obtained during the period 2016–2018, collected across 4 spatial scales in Northern Sweden. Plot scale: Data were collected from 57 forest stands (50 main and 7 additional) within the Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS, https://www.slu.se/Krycklan; Peichl et al., 2023), a multi-scale long-term monitored boreal catchment spanning 68 km2 in northern Sweden. Ecosystem scale: Data were collected from two eddy covariance stations: the Rosinedal flux station (EC-Ros) and the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) Svartberget ecosystem station (EC-Svb). Landscape scale: Data were collected using two approaches: tall-tower eddy-covariance measurements (L-EC) and bottom-up scaling of plot-scale KCS data (L-Plot). Region scale: Data were collected using two approaches: atmospheric observations combined with vegetation modelling (ATM) and bottom-up scaling of plot-scale National Forest Inventory data (NFI). The dataset includes annual CO2 fluxes of net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco). All component CO2 fluxes are presented as positive terms, whereas positive and negative NEP refers to net C sink and source, respectively. The dataset also includes the absolute difference in net ecosystem production (ΔNEP) between the reference year 2016 and the drought year 2018, providing an estimate of the 2018 drought's impact on annual NEP. Notes: No data are available for 2017 for eddy-covariance station EC-Svb. One forest stand underwent thinning operations in spring 2018, and ΔNEP was therefore excluded from the analysis to avoid confounding effects. Reference: Peichl, M., Martínez-García, E., Fransson, J.E.S., Wallerman, J., Laudon, H., Lundmark, T., & Nilsson, M. B. (2023). Landscape-variability of the carbon balance across managed boreal forests. Global Change Biology, 29, 1119–1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16534 This dataset is composed of six Microsoft Excel worksheets: 1) readme – general description of the dataset and data structure 2) metadata – detailed variable definitions, units, and definitions 3) plot_data – plot-scale CO2 flux data from KCS forest stands 4) ecosystem_data – ecosystem-scale eddy covariance CO2 flux data 5) landscape_data – landscape-scale CO2 flux estimates from L-EC and L-Plot approaches 6) region_data – regional-scale CO2 flux estimates from ATM and NFI approaches. More details can be found in Peichl et al. (2026). Cross-scale convergence in the carbon balance of managed boreal forests in Northern Sweden. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 377, 110926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110926 Contact information: Professor Matthias Peichl1 ([e-mail]) Ph.D. Eduardo Martínez-García1,2 ([e-mail], [e-mail]) 1 Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden 2 Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland