VIS-NIR reflectance spectra collected before and after electron irradiation (2keV, 3.4 × 10^16 e- cm^(−2)) of spherical salty ice particles (10-100 µm typical particle diameter) produced by freezing droplets of a solution of 5wt.% NaCl

Spherical ice particles are produced by spraying droplets of salt solution (5 wt.% NaCl) into liquid nitrogen with the SPIPA-C setup. A centimeter-thick sample made of these particles is then introduced in the MEFISTO simulation chamber where it is irradiated with high-energy electrons: 2keV, 3.4 × 10^16 e- cm^(−2).