Microbial dynamics and system performance in novel decoupled aquaponics with different cultivation substrates

Aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponics to achieve nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability. However, optimizing microbial interactions and substrate characteristics remains critical for maximizing system efficiency. This study assessed the influence of four cultivation substrates: coir pith, coconut shell charcoal, biochar derived from coconut waste, and medical stone, on system performance and microbial community dynamics within a decoupled aquaponic setup cultivating crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum).This project provide critical insights for substrate selection and microbial management strategies, offering substantial implications for optimizing environmental parameters and overall sustainability in aquaponics systems.