Data and materials for: Multiculturalism in Classically Liberal Societies: Group Membership and Compatibility Between Individual and Collective Justice

Documentation of three studies and a pilot are included in these files. Study 1 was correlational (N = 141), study 2 and 3 were experimental (N = 202; 164), and the pilot was correlational (N = 65). The purpose of study 1 was to test whether the difference between national majorities and cultural minorities (asymmetric groups) in support for multiculturalism (based on collective justice) is moderated by beliefs in individual responsibility (a key dimension of individual justice). Measures used for hypothesis testing include: Belief in individual responsibility (IndResp, 4 items; 2 4 reversed), Support for multicultural ideology (CDI_M, 3 items), Support for multicultural policy (CDP_M, 4 items). Additional measures in the dataset include: National identity (IDCH, 4 items), Cultural identity (IDOrig, 4 items), Social dominance orientation (SDO, 6 items; 2 4 6 reversed), Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA, 3 items). Raw data is provided ("Study1_Orig") as well as prepared data on which final analyses were conducted ("Study1_Prep"). The syntax and questionnaire are also provided. Participants were recruited online using a snowball technique. While the online data showed that 286 people accessed the online questionnaire, only 141 began to fill it out. All were residents of Switzerland. The purpose of study 2 was to replicate results of study 1 and to disentangle three key features of these asymmetric groups: High vs. low status, native vs. immigrant, and numerical majority vs. minority. A 2 x 2 x 2 experimental design was used. The same measures used for hypothesis testing in study 1 are included in study 2. Manipulation checks are also included: Perceived privilege (4 items; 2 4 reversed), Recall and understanding of the text (6 items divided into pairs according to conditions), Easiness/Difficulty of the exercise (2 items). Raw data, the prepared data on which analyses were conducted, the syntax, and the eight experimental questionnaires are provided (all entitled "Study 2 [...]"). Students from a Psychology course at a University in French-speaking Switzerland participated. The purpose of study 3 was to replicate results of studies 1 and 2 using alternative measures of individual justice beliefs and a 2 x 2 experimental design (High vs. low status, Native vs. immigrant). Method and documents are otherwise the same as study 2 ("Study 3 [...]"). A new group of students participated. The purpose of the pilot study was to construct and validate the alternative measures in study 3: Prescriptive individual responsibility (IndResp, 4 items) and Classical liberalism (LibComm, 6 items; 2 4 6 reversed). Additional measures include the one from studies 1 and 2, plus human rights support and free market ideology. The data, syntax and questionnaire are provided. Participants were recruited on the university campus. Studies were conducted in French and documentation is original. Comments in the syntax are provided in English.本数据集文件包含三项正式研究与一项预实验的完整文档。研究1为相关研究（有效被试量N=141），研究2与研究3为实验研究（有效被试量分别为N=202、N=164），预实验为相关研究（有效被试量N=65）。研究1旨在检验：集体正义（collective justice）视角下的多元文化主义（multiculturalism）支持率差异，在国家多数群体与文化少数群体（不对称群体）间，是否会受到个体责任信念（个体正义individual justice的核心维度之一）的调节作用。用于假设检验的测量工具包括：个体责任信念量表（IndResp，共4题，第2、4题反向计分）、多元文化意识形态支持量表（CDI_M，共3题）、多元文化政策支持量表（CDP_M，共4题）。数据集内还包含以下附加测量量表：民族认同量表（IDCH，共4题）、文化认同量表（IDOrig，共4题）、社会支配取向量表（SDO，共6题，第2、4、6题反向计分）、右翼权威主义量表（RWA，共3题）。本数据集提供原始数据（命名为"Study1_Orig"）与用于最终分析的预处理数据（命名为"Study1_Prep"），同时附带实验脚本与问卷材料。本研究通过雪球抽样法（snowball technique）在线招募被试。共有286人访问了在线问卷，但仅141人开始填写问卷，所有被试均为瑞士居民。研究2旨在重复验证研究1的结果，并厘清不对称群体的三大核心特征：地位高低、本土出生与移民身份、数量多数与少数群体。本研究采用2×2×2的实验设计。研究2沿用了研究1中用于假设检验的全部测量工具，同时包含操纵检验量表：感知特权量表（共4题，第2、4题反向计分）、文本回忆与理解量表（共6题，按实验条件分为成对题目）、任务难易度量表（共2题）。本研究提供原始数据、用于分析的预处理数据、实验脚本与八份实验问卷（所有文件均以"Study 2 [...]"命名）。被试为瑞士法语区某大学心理学课程的学生。研究3旨在采用个体正义信念的替代测量工具，结合2×2实验设计（地位高低、本土出生与移民身份），重复验证研究1与研究2的结果。除测量工具替换外，本研究的方法与文档均与研究2一致（文件命名为"Study 3 [...]"），招募了新一批学生作为被试。预实验的目的为构建并验证研究3中使用的个体正义信念替代测量工具：规定性个体责任信念量表（IndResp，共4题）与古典自由主义量表（LibComm，共6题，第2、4、6题反向计分）。附加测量工具包含研究1与研究2中的全部量表，另加入人权支持量表与自由市场意识形态量表。本数据集提供相关数据、实验脚本与问卷材料。被试通过大学校园招募。所有研究均以法语开展，原始文档为法语版本，实验脚本中的注释则采用英文。