Toxicity assessment of novel nanoparticle-based dispersants to fathead minnows (Pimephales Promelas)

The toxicity of synthetic nanoparticle-based dispersants to fathead minnows (Pimephales Promelas) was tested. Solutions of water accommodated fractions (WAF) of oil, dispersants, or WAF + dispersants were made and used to treat early life stages of fish, including embryos and larvae. Endpoints for embryos included time to hatch, deformities, heartbeats and gene expression. Endpoints for larvae included survival and gene expression.