Plant biometrics of malay, rose and water apple

Abstract Due to the lack of studies comparing Syzygium malaccensis(L) Meer e Perry, Syzygium aqueum Burm.f. and Syzygium jambos (L) Alston Syzygium in relation to the botanical genus Sygygium regarding the physical characteristics, the present research was conducted, aiming at biometrically characterizing each of the three species, as well as comparing them. The fruits were collected from the São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal. Syzygium plants were used for the evaluation of: fruit and seed masses (g); width and length of leaves (cm) and of seeds (cm); percentage of fruit pulp; length of leaf petiole (cm); and leaf area (cm2). Fifty fruits, leaves and seeds of each species were used, with 5 replicates of 10 samples each and the data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and organized into frequency tables. For comparative purposes among the species, a blocks randomized design was adopted, being analyzed by the Tukey Test at 5% of probability. The malay and water apple present fruits with high yield of pulp. The fruit of the malay apple are light, with narrow diameter, medium length, broad seeds, narrow and small leaves, with small leaf area. The rose apple fruit present medium mass, width and length, with broad seeds, narrow leaves, medium length and small leaf area. The water apple fruit are light, broad, long, without seeds, with broad leaves, long and having medium leaf area. Comparing the three species of Syzygium studied, it can be concluded that the fruit of malay apple are the largest, but the highest percentage of pulp is found in the fruit of the water apple, due to the absence of seeds.摘要 由于目前尚无针对蒲桃属（Syzygium）下的马六甲蒲桃（Syzygium malaccensis (L) Meer e Perry）、水蒲桃（Syzygium aqueum Burm.f.）和洋蒲桃（Syzygium jambos (L) Alston）三种植物的物理特性比较研究，本研究旨在通过生物测量学方法对这三个物种分别进行表征，并开展相互比较。试验所用果实采自圣保罗州立大学（São Paulo State University, Unesp）嘉博蒂卡瓦尔分校农业与兽医学院。本研究针对蒲桃属植物测定了以下指标：果实与种子鲜质量（g）、叶片及种子的宽与长（cm）、果肉占比、叶柄长度（cm）以及叶面积（cm²）。每个物种选取50份果实、叶片及种子样本，以每10个样本为一组，设置5次重复；试验数据采用描述性统计分析方法进行处理，并整理为频数表。为开展物种间的比较分析，本研究采用随机区组设计，并通过5%显著性水平下的图基（Tukey）检验进行统计分析。马六甲蒲桃与水蒲桃的果实均具有较高的果肉得率。其中，马六甲蒲桃果实质量较轻，果径较窄，果长中等，种子较宽大；其叶片窄小，叶面积较小。洋蒲桃果实的质量、果宽及果长均处于中等水平，种子较宽大，叶片偏窄，叶长中等，叶面积较小。水蒲桃果实质量较轻、果幅较宽、果长较长，且无种子；其叶片宽大，叶长偏长，叶面积处于中等水平。综合比较本次研究的三种蒲桃属植物可得出结论：马六甲蒲桃的果实体积最大，但水蒲桃的果肉占比最高，这得益于其无籽的特性。