Efficacy of virtual reality interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

We conducted a systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, with the search period covering from the inception of the databases to June 7, 2025. The complete search strategy is detailed in Supplementary Tables 1-3.A complete list of all outcomes reported in the studies included can be found in Table 4.Detailed information on the risk of bias assessment for these 12 articles is provided in Table 5.The 12 RCT articles included in this study, along with their year of publication, authors, and titles, are shown in Table 6.For the raw data extracted from the 12 articles, see Table 7.