RPvdsEx Code for Protocol for playback of phantom echoes from approaching objects to scanning bats

Because bats emit ultrasound and listen to echoes to perceive their surroundings, presenting phantom echoes is useful for understanding their perception of echolocation. Here, we describe a protocol for the real-time playback of phantom echoes, especially from approaching objects. This acoustic presentation of virtual objects using a microphone, digital signal processor, and loudspeaker successfully induced the escape behavior of bats, which resembled a natural response to approaching objects, and allowed us to clarify their detection algorithm for approaching objects.