Laboratory experiments using crushed pumice

Sedimentary oxygen demand laboratory experiment
An incubation experiment using sediment cores was conducted to assess the effect of using crushed pumice as a sand-capping material to suppress sediment oxygen consumption.

Sedimentary nutrient release rate laboratory experiment
The sediment nutrient release experiment was conducted using the sediment cores, to assess the effect of using crushed pumice as a sand-capping material to suppress nutrients release from sediments.

Nutrient adsorption experiment
The artificial seawater in the beaker was continuously stirred during the experiment, and the crushed pumice was kept in suspension throughout the experiment. Nutrient concentrations were monitored to evaluate nutrient adsorption rates by crushed pumice.

Exposure experiment
Exposure experiments were conducted with crushed pumice in suspension to examine the effects of the resuspension of crushed pumice on bivalves.