Transition Metal Complexes of 3‑Amino-1-nitroguanidine as Laser Ignitible Primary Explosives: Structures and Properties

3-Amino-1-nitroguanidine
(ANQ, 2) was synthesized via hydrazinolysis of nitroguanidine.
By dissolving 2 in solutions containing transition metal
salts, several complexes M2+(ANQ)2X2(H2O)y with M2+ = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn as well as M­(ANQ)2X­(H2O)y with M = Ag could be isolated. In these
cases, nitrate as well as perchlorate and chloride served as the respective
anions X. Additionally, the ANQ complexes of Co, Ni, and Ag with dinitramide
as the anion were synthesized from ANQ and silver dinitramide and
by reacting the cobalt and nickel ANQ perchlorate complexes with ammonium
dinitramide. The crystal structures of all described complexes were
determined by low temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Additionally,
they were characterized using IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
The decomposition temperatures were determined by differential scanning
calorimetry and the sensitivities toward impact and friction were
assessed using a BAM drophammer and a BAM friction tester (BAM = Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung). Additionally, the
sensitivity toward electrostatic discharge was determined on a small-scale
ESD device. The potential use of the nitrate, dinitramide and perchlorate
containing species as primary explosives was investigated in a laser
ignition test.