Forests to Faucets 2.0

Forests to Faucets 2.0 builds upon the national Forests to Faucets(2011) by updating base data and adding new threats including wildfire, invasive pests, and future stresses such as climate-induced changes in land use and water quantity. The purpose of this project is to quantify, rank, and illustrate the geographic connection between forests and other natural cover (private and public), surface drinking water supplies, and the populations that depend on them–the ecosystem service of water supply. The project assesses subwatersheds across the US to identify those important to downstream surface drinking water supplies as well as evaluate a subwatersheds natural ability to produce clean water based on its biophysical characteristics: percent natural cover, percent agricultural land, percent impervious, percent riparian natural cover, and mean annual water yield. Using data from a variety of existing sources and maps generated through GIS analyses, the project uses maps and statistics to describe the relative importance of private forests and National Forest System lands to surface drinking water supplies across the United States. The data produced by this assessment provides information needed to identify opportunities for water market approaches or schemes based upon payments for environmental services (PES).September 2023 Update: Water yields (Q_YLD_MM; PER_Q40_45; PER_Q90_45; PER_Q40_85; PER_Q90_85) were updated to tie back to WASSI source data. All Forests to Faucets models and indices were recalculated. HUCs that did not have a corresponding water yield from WASSI were recalculated to the nearest HUC. AttributeDescriptionSourcesAcresHUC 12 AcresCalculated using ArcGISSTATESStatesWBD 2019HUC1212-digit Hydrologic Unit CodeWBD 2019NAME12-digit Hydrologic Unit NameWBD 2019HUTYPEHUC TypeWBD 2019From_HUC 12 From for routingWBD 2019ToHUC 12 To for routingWBD 2019 (edited by USDA FS)LevelHUC levelCalculated HUC level from outlet (1) to headwater (351)NLCDAcres of NLCDNLCDPER_NLCDPercent of HUC with NLCD DataCalculated using ArcGISFOREST_ACAcres of all forestNLCD Forest = 41,42,43, 90NLCDPER_FORPercent ForestCalculated using ArcGISAG_ACAcres of agricultural landNLCD = 81,82NLCDPER_AGPercent agricultural landCalculated using ArcGISIMPV_ACAcres of ImperviousNLCDPER_IMPVPercent ImperviousCalculated using ArcGISNATCOVER_ACAcres of Natural CoverNLCD = 11,12,41,42,43,51,52,71,90,95NLCDPER_NATCOVPercent Natural CoverCalculated using ArcGISRIPNAT_ACAcres of riparian natural coverSinan AboodPER_RIPNATPercent riparian natural coverCalculated using ArcGISQ_YLD_MM Mean Annual Water Yield in mm (Q) based on the historical time period (1961 to 2015).  Baseline water yield for 2010.WASSI , Updated September 2023R_NATCOVNatural Cover score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_AGAgricultural land score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_IMPVImpervious Surface score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_RIPRiparian Natural Cover score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISR_QMean Annual Water Yield score for APCWCalculated using ArcGISAPCWAbility to Produce Clean Water (APCW)= (R_NATCOV+R_AG+R_IMPV+R_RIP) * R_QCalculated using ArcGISAPCW_RAPCW Score (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using RGWNumber of groundwater water intakesSDWISSWNumber of surface water intakes (includes GU, groundwater under the influence of surface water)SDWISGW_POPNumber of groundwater water consumersSDWISSW_POPNumber of surface water consumers (includes GU, groundwater under the influence of surface water)SDWISGL_IntakesNumber of surface water intakes in the Great Lakes*SDWISGL_POPNumber of surface water consumers in the Great Lakes*SDWISSUM_POPP, Total number of Surface water consumers SW_POP+ GL_POPSDWISPRDrinking water protection model PRn = ∑(Wi* Pi)Calculated using RPOP_DSSum of surface drinking water population downstream of HUC 12 ∑(SUM_POPn) ***Cannot be summed across multiple HUC12 due to double counting down stream populations. Only accurate for an individual HUC12.Calculated using RIMPRaw Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) Value. As developed in Forests to Faucets (USFS 2011), the Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) model can be broken down into two parts: IMPn = (PRn) * (Qn)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023IMP_RIMP, Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023NON_FORESTAcres of non-forestPADUS and NLCDPRIVATE_FORESTAcres of private forestPADUS and NLCDPROTECTED_FORESTAcres of protected forest (State, Local, NGO, Permanent Easement)PADUS, NCED, and NLCDNFS_FORESTAcres of National Forest System (NFS) forestPADUS and NLCDFEDERAL_FORESTAcres of Other Federal forest (Non-NFS Federal)PADUS and NLCDPER_FORPRIPercent Private ForestCalculated using ArcGISPER_FORNFSPercent NFS ForestCalculated using ArcGISPER_FORPROPercent Protected (Other State, Local, NGO, Permanent Easement, NFS, and Federal) ForestCalculated using ArcGISWFP_HI_ACAcres with High and Very High Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP)Dillon, 2018PER_WFPPercent of HU 12 with High and Very High Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP)Dillon, 2018PER_IDRISKPercent of HU 12 that is at risk for mortality - 25% of standing live basal area greater than one inch in diameter will die over a 15- year time frame (2013 to 2027) due to insects and diseases.Krist, et Al,. 2014PERDEV_1040_45% Landuse Change 2010-2040 (low)ICLUSPERDEV_1090_45% Landuse Change 2010-2090 (low)ICLUSPERDEV_1040_85% Landuse Change 2010-2040 (high)ICLUSPERDEV_1090_85% Landuse Change 2010-2090 (high)ICLUSPER_Q40_45% Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (low) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q90_45% Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (low) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q40_85% Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (high) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q90_85% Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (high) WASSI , Updated September 2023WFP(APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_WFP )/ 10,000Wildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023IDRISK(APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_IDRISK )/ 10,000Insect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1040_45(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1090_45(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1040_85(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1090_85(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1040_45-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1090_45-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1040_85-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1090_85-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023WFP_IMP_RWildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023IDRISK_RInsect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV40_45_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV40_85_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV90_45_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV90_85_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q40_45_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q40_85_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q90_45_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q90_85_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023RegionUS Forest Service Region numberUSFSRegionnameUS Forest Service Region nameUSFSHUC_Num_DiffThis field compares the value in column HUC12(circa 2019 wbd) with the value in HUC_12 (circa 2009 wassi)-1 = No equivalent WASSI HUC. Water yield (Q_YLD_MM) was estimating using the nearest HUC.USFS, Updated September 2023HUC_12_WASSIWASSI HUC numberWASSI, Updated September 2023This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: ISO-19139 metadata ArcGIS Hub Dataset ArcGIS GeoService CSV Shapefile GeoJSON KML For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

《林至水龙头2.0》项目在2011年发布的《林至水龙头》基础上进行了更新，不仅补充了基础数据，还纳入了新的威胁因素，包括野火、入侵性害虫以及未来压力，如由气候变化引起的土地利用和水量变化。该项目的目的是量化、排序并阐述森林与其他自然覆盖（私人及公共）、地表饮用水供应以及依赖这些供应的人口之间的地理联系——即水资源供应的生态系统服务。项目评估了美国各子流域，以确定对下游地表饮用水供应具有重要性的流域，并评估子流域基于其生物物理特征（自然覆盖率、农业用地比例、不透水层比例、河岸自然覆盖率、年均水产量）产生清洁水的能力。该项目利用来自多种现有来源的数据和通过GIS分析生成的地图，运用地图和统计数据来描述私人森林和全国森林系统土地对全美地表饮用水供应的相对重要性。该评估产生的数据提供了识别基于环境服务付费（PES）的市场方法或方案所需的信息。2023年9月更新：水产量（Q_YLD_MM；PER_Q40_45；PER_Q90_45；PER_Q40_85；PER_Q90_85）已更新，以与WASSI源数据相衔接。所有《林至水龙头》模型和指数都已重新计算。没有来自WASSI相应水产量的HUC已重新计算到最近的HUC。属性描述来源英亩HUC 12英亩使用ArcGIS计算STATES各州WBD 2019HUC 12 12位水文单元代码WBD 2019NAME 12位水文单元名称WBD 2019HUTYPE水文单元类型WBD 2019From_HUC 12 用于路由的来源HUC 12To_HUC 12 用于路由的目标HUC 12（由美国农业部森林服务局编辑）Level 水文单元级别从出口（1）到源头（351）计算HUC级别NLCDAcres of NLCDNLCDPER_NLCDHUC中NLCD数据的百分比使用ArcGIS计算FOREST_ACAcres of all forestNLCD森林 = 41,42,43, 90NLCDPER_FOR森林百分比使用ArcGIS计算AG_ACAcres of agricultural landNLCD = 81,82NLCDPER_AG农业用地百分比使用ArcGIS计算IMPV_ACAcres of ImperviousNLCDPER_IMPV不透水层百分比使用ArcGIS计算NATCOVER_ACAcres of Natural CoverNLCD = 11,12,41,42,43,51,52,71,90,95NLCDPER_NATCOV自然覆盖率百分比使用ArcGIS计算RIPNAT_ACAcres of riparian natural coverSinan AboodPER_RIPNAT河岸自然覆盖率百分比使用ArcGIS计算Q_YLD_MM基于历史时间周期（1961至2015年）的平均年水产量（Q）mm（Q）基准水产量为2010年WASSI，2023年9月更新R_NATCOVAPCW的自然覆盖率得分使用ArcGIS计算R_AGAgricultural land score for APCW使用ArcGIS计算R_IMPVAPCW的不透水层得分使用ArcGIS计算R_Riparian Natural Cover score for APCW使用ArcGIS计算R_QAPCW的平均年水产量得分使用ArcGIS计算APCW能力产生清洁水（APCW）=（R_NATCOV+R_AG+R_IMPV+R_RIP）* R_Q使用ArcGIS计算APCW_RAPCW得分（0-100分位数）使用RGW计算地下水取水次数SDWISSW地表水取水次数（包括GU，受地表水影响的地下水）SDWISGW_POP地下水取水消费者数量SDWISSW_POP地表水消费者数量（包括GU，受地表水影响的地下水）SDWISGL_Intakes五大湖地表水取水次数*SDWISGL_POP五大湖地表水消费者数量*SDWISSUM_POPP，总地表水消费者数量 SW_POP+ GL_POPSDWISPRDrinking water protection model PRn = ∑(Wi* Pi)使用R计算POP_DSSUM下游HUC 12的表面饮用水人口总和 ∑(SUM_POPn) ***由于下游人口的重复计算，无法在多个HUC12之间求和。仅对单个HUC12准确。使用R计算IMPRaw Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) Value. As developed in Forests to Faucets (USFS 2011), the Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (IMP) model can be broken down into two parts: IMPn = (PRn) * (Qn)使用R，2023年9月更新IMP_RIMP，Important Areas for Surface Drinking Water (0-100 Quantiles)使用R，2023年9月更新NON_FOREST非森林面积PADUS和NLCDPRIVATE_FOREST私人森林面积PADUS和NLCDPROTECTED_FOREST受保护森林面积（州、地方、非政府组织、永久性限制）PADUS，NCED，和NLCDNFS_FOREST国家森林系统（NFS）森林面积PADUS和NLCDFEDERAL_FOREST其他联邦森林（非NFS联邦）PADUS和NLCDPER_FORPRIP私人森林百分比使用ArcGIS计算PER_FORNFSNFS森林百分比使用ArcGIS计算PER_FORPRO受保护（其他州、地方、非政府组织、永久性限制、NFS和联邦）森林百分比使用ArcGIS计算WFP_HI_ACAcres with High and Very High Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP)Dillon, 2018PER_WFPHU 12中高和极高野火危险潜力的百分比（WHP）Dillon, 2018PER_IDRISKHU 12中死亡率风险百分比 - 15年内直径大于一英寸的25%的立木将因昆虫和疾病而死亡.Krist, et Al,. 2014PERDEV_1040_45% Landuse Change 2010-2040 (low)ICLUSPERDEV_1090_45% Landuse Change 2010-2090 (low)ICLUSPERDEV_1040_85% Landuse Change 2010-2040 (high)ICLUSPERDEV_1090_85% Landuse Change 2010-2090 (high)ICLUSPER_Q40_45% Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (low) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q90_45% Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (low) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q40_85% Water Yield Change 2010-2040 (high) WASSI , Updated September 2023PER_Q90_85% Water Yield Change 2010-2090 (high) WASSI , Updated September 2023WFP(APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_WFP )/ 10,000Wildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023IDRISK(APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_IDRISK )/ 10,000Insect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1040_45(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1090_45(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_45)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1040_85(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1040_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023DEV1090_85(APCW_R * IMP_R * PERDEV_1090_85)/ 10,000 Landuse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1040_45-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1090_45-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_45)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1040_85-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q40_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023Q1090_85-1 * (APCW_R * IMP_R * PER_Q90_85)/ 10,000 Water Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) Calculated using ArcGIS, Updated September 2023WFP_IMP_RWildfire Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023IDRISK_RInsect & Disease Threat to Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV40_45_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV40_85_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV90_45_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023DEV90_85_RLanduse Change in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q40_45_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q40_85_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2040 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q90_45_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (low emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023Q90_85_RWater Yield Decrease in Important Surface Drinking Water Watersheds 2010-2090 (high emissions) (0-100 Quantiles)Calculated using R, Updated September 2023RegionUS Forest Service Region numberUSFSRegionnameUS Forest Service Region nameUSFSHUC_Num_Diff此字段比较HUC12（2019年WBD）列中的值与HUC_12（2009年WASSI）列中的值-1 = 无等效WASSI HUC。水产量（Q_YLD_MM）使用最接近的HUC进行估算.USFS，2023年9月更新HUC_12_WASSIWASSI HUC编号WASSI，2023年9月更新此记录取自美国农业部企业数据库存，该库存输入到https://data.gov目录。此记录的数据包括以下资源：ISO-19139元数据ArcGIS Hub数据集ArcGIS GeoServiceCSVShapefileGeoJSON有关完整信息，请访问https://data.gov。