Model data underlying the publication: Evaluating the effects of drought mitigation measures during flood events

The aim of this study is to develop and demonstrate a coupled modeling approach of surface and subsurface water to collectively quantify the effects of drought mitigation measures (DMM) on long-term groundwater levels and the short-term response during heavy (design) rainfall events of both surface and subsurface water systems in the Chaamse beken catchment, North Brabant, The Netherlands. It is a modeling exercise that sequentially couples a subsurface flow model, consisting of a dynamically coupled groundwater component (MODFLOW6 model) and a component representing the unsaturated zones (MetaSWAP), to a hydrodynamic surface water model (Delft3D 1D2D FM). The MODFLOW-MetaSWAP model is based on the regional groundwater model of North Brabant, provided by the Brabantse Delta Water Authority, and was refined from the original 250x250m to a 25x25m grid. The surface water model consists of a Delft3D 1D2D FM hydrodynamic model that consists of a 1D waterway network (including drainage ditches) coupled dynamically to a 2D catchment grid of 25x25m resolution. The stream network was generated based on the Dutch database for surface water systems HyDAMO (NHI, 2024) and the drainage ditches were added manually based on the drainage network of North Brabant. Both datasets were provided by the Brabantse Delta Water Authority. The 2D grid was generated based on the Dutch national Digital Terrain Model (AHN, 2024). The outputs are gridded groundwater levels and fluxes (IDF, HED, and CBC files) from the subsurface flow model, and gridded water depth, volume and flow velocity (NetCDF files) from the surface water model, and are provided in this dataset. These include a) the long-term mean high (MHG) and mean low (MLG) groundwater levels of the long-term simulation of the baseline period (1996-2004), as well as a reference case and a drought mitigation scenario under a future climate scenario WH2050 (van den Hurk et al., 2014), b) the annual high (HG3) and low (LG3) groundwater levels used to calculate the long-term means, c) the groundwater levels of a specified day representative of the long-term simulation representative of MHG (January 2002), d) the groundwater fluxes to the surface level and stream network, e) the gridded final simulation time step outputs at point locations and maxima for water depth and volume from the surface water model. The model configuration files, as well as output files exceeding 5GB, including hourly gridded groundwater heads and surface water outputs of the rainfall events, can be provided by the authors upon request.

本研究旨在开发并演示一种地表水与地下水耦合模拟方法，以量化抗旱措施（Drought Mitigation Measures, DMM）对荷兰北布拉班特省Chaamse beken流域内长期地下水位的影响，以及该流域地表水与地下水系统在强设计降雨事件期间的短期响应。本模拟研究将地下水流模型（包含动态耦合的地下水分量——MODFLOW6模型，以及代表非饱和带的MetaSWAP分量）与水动力地表水模型（Delft3D 1D2D FM）进行序贯耦合。MODFLOW-MetaSWAP模型基于布拉班特三角洲水务局（Brabantse Delta Water Authority）提供的北布拉班特区域地下水模型，将原250×250米的网格分辨率细化至25×25米。地表水模型采用Delft3D 1D2D FM水动力模型，该模型包含一维河道网络（含排水沟渠），并与分辨率为25×25米的二维流域网格动态耦合。河网基于荷兰地表水系统数据库HyDAMO（NHI, 2024）生成，排水沟渠则依据北布拉班特省的排水网络手动添加，两类数据集均由布拉班特三角洲水务局提供。二维网格基于荷兰国家数字地形模型AHN（2024）生成。本数据集包含两类模拟输出：其一为地下水流模型输出的网格化地下水位与通量数据（存储为IDF、HED及CBC文件），其二为地表水模型输出的网格化水深、水量与流速数据（存储为NetCDF文件）。具体输出内容包括：a) 基准期（1996-2004年）长期模拟的长期平均高地下水位（MHG）与平均低地下水位（MLG），以及未来气候情景WH2050（van den Hurk等, 2014）下的参考情景与抗旱措施情景；b) 用于计算长期均值的年际最高地下水位（HG3）与年际最低地下水位（LG3）；c) 代表长期模拟中平均高地下水位特征的指定日期（2002年1月）的地下水位；d) 补给至地表及河网的地下水量通量；e) 地表水模型输出的格网化最终模拟时间步长的点位数据，以及水深与水量的最大值。如需获取模型配置文件，以及超过5GB的输出文件（包含降雨事件的逐小时网格化地下水位水头与地表水模拟输出），可联系作者索取。