Reconstructing fractional forest cover dynamics in the Leuser Ecosystem, Indonesia (1965–2020) using Corona imagery and Landsat time series

This dataset contains time-series fractional forest cover (FFC) maps of the Leuser Ecosystem (LE), Sumatra, Indonesia, spanning from 1954 to 2020, as used in Figures 19–22 of the associated manuscript. The maps cover four key sub-regions: the Tripa peat swamp, East Aceh, the Upper Alas Valley, and the Singkil peat swamp. FFC maps for 1965 were derived from historical Corona KH-4A imagery (acquired 21 July 1965) using object-based image analysis (OBIA), and aggregated to 30 m spatial resolution. FFC maps for 1972–2020 were estimated using a random forest regression model trained on PlanetScope-3B (PS-3B) reference FFC data and applied to vegetation indices (VIs) reconstructed from Landsat time-series data (Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and OLI) using an adapted Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm. Forest cover from the Indonesia Army Map Service (AMS) 1954 topographic map is included as a historical baseline. All raster data are provided at 30 m spatial resolution in GeoTIFF format, projected in WGS 84 / UTM Zone 47N (EPSG:32647). FFC values range from 0 (no forest cover) to 1 (full forest cover). Cloud-affected pixels are masked as NoData. Data Organization The dataset is organized into four folders corresponding to Figures 19–22 in the manuscript, each representing one sub-region. Within each folder, there is one full-extent LE FFC map for a representative date, and one sub-folder containing the time-series FFC maps for the corresponding sub-region, including the 1954 AMS baseline, the 1965 Corona-derived FFC, early Landsat MSS FFC (1972–1974), and the selected representative Landsat time-series FFC maps (1988–2020). File Naming Convention Each file follows the format: [Product]_[YYYYMMDD]_[Data Source]_[Area] FFC[YYYYMMDD]_Landsat_LE — Full-extent FFC map of the entire Leuser Ecosystem for the corresponding figure's representative date FC1954_AMS_[Area] — Historical forest cover baseline digitized from the Indonesia Army Map Service (AMS) 1954 topographic map FFC[YYYYMMDD]_Corona_[Area] — FFC derived from Corona KH-4A imagery FFC[YYYYMMDD]_Landsat_[Area] — FFC derived from Landsat time series (MSS, TM, ETM+, or OLI depending on acquisition date) Where [Area] refers to the sub-region: Tripa Peat Swamp, East Aceh, Upper Alas Valley, or Singkil Peat Swamp