Data_Sheet_1_Construct validity and reliability of the Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire (BVQ).pdf

BackgroundThe Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire (BVQ) is a recently developed 54-item Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) that evaluates the clinically important symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) and its impact on daily life. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the BVQ in a large BVP cohort.MethodsPatients diagnosed with BVP were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the BVQ, the EuroQol-5D-5L, the Health Utilities Index, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Oscillopsia Severity Questionnaire. The construct validity of the BVQ was evaluated by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA and EFA), followed by hypotheses testing and known groups validity. Structural properties were explored for each individual item. Reliability was assessed by testing the internal consistency of the BVQ constructs (Cronbach's alpha) and test–retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)].ResultsA total of 148 patients with BVP (50% women, mean age 66 years) completed the set of questionnaires. The CFA did not show a satisfactory model in the original BVQ. However, the EFA showed a four-factor solution with 20 Likert-scale items related to oscillopsia, imbalance, emotion, and cognition. The succeeding CFA provided evidence for construct validity and an acceptable model of fit. Hypothesis testing confirmed that this shortened version validly measures the constructs to be measured. Statistically significant differences in scores between known groups were found, providing further support for good construct validity. The structural properties were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha confirmed good internal consistency for the four constructs, ranging from 0.80 to 0.89. The ICCs of the 20 Likert-scale items and four visual analog scale (VAS) items were interpreted as good (range 0.76–0.93).ConclusionThis study showed evidence of good construct validity of the new shortened version of the BVQ, consisting of four constructs with a total of 20 Likert-scale items and four VAS items. The final 24-item BVQ proved to be a reliable and valid multi-item PROM that captures the clinically important symptoms of BVP and evaluates its impact on daily life. Consequently, the BVQ enables the gathering of high-level evidence of treatment effectiveness in a systematic and quantitative manner.

背景：双边前庭功能失调问卷（Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire，BVQ）是一种近期开发的包含54个条目的患者报告结果测量工具（Patient Reported Outcome Measure，PROM），旨在评估双边前庭功能失调（Bilateral Vestibulopathy，BVP）的临床重要症状及其对日常生活的影响。本研究旨在评估BVQ在大型BVP队列中的结构效度和可靠性。方法：诊断出BVP的病人被要求完成一系列问卷，包括BVQ、EuroQol-5D-5L、健康效用指数、眩晕障碍量表、医院焦虑和抑郁量表以及振荡视力严重程度问卷。通过确认性因素分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis，CFA）和探索性因素分析（Exploratory Factor Analysis，EFA）评估BVQ的结构效度，随后进行假设检验和已知群体效度检验。对每个单独条目进行了结构特性的探索。通过测试BVQ结构内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha）和重测信度（intraclass correlation coefficients，ICCs）来评估可靠性。结果：共有148名BVP病人（其中女性占50%，平均年龄66岁）完成了问卷。CFA在原始BVQ中未能呈现令人满意的模型。然而，EFA显示出一个包含20个李克特量表条目（与振荡视力、平衡感、情绪和认知相关）的四因素解决方案。随后的CFA为结构效度和可接受的模型拟合提供了证据。假设检验证实了缩短版本的BVQ能够有效测量所要测量的结构。在已知群体间发现了分数上的统计学显著差异，这进一步支持了良好的结构效度。结构特性是可接受的。Cronbach's alpha证实了四个结构具有良好的内部一致性，范围在0.80至0.89之间。20个李克特量表条目和四个视觉模拟量表（Visual Analog Scale，VAS）条目的ICC被解读为良好（范围0.76–0.93）。结论：本研究表明，新缩短版本的BVQ具有良好的结构效度，该版本包含四个结构，共计20个李克特量表条目和四个VAS条目。最终的24项BVQ被证明是一个可靠且有效的多项目PROM，能够捕捉BVP的临床重要症状并评估其对日常生活的影响。因此，BVQ能够以系统化和定量方式收集治疗有效性的高级证据。