Exploring the response of the Litopenaeus vannamei to a selenium enriched environment in the context of the intestinal microbiota and immune metabolic pathways

In this study, Penaeus vannamei was used as a model organism to systematically examine selenium (Se) toxicity at a selenium concentration of 2.69 mg/L through comprehensive analysis of physiological responses (immune antioxidant capacity, apoptosis, and hepatopancreatic histopathology), molecular mechanisms (transcriptomic characteristics), and microbial interactions (intestinal microbiology).