Characteristics of studies used in IPD meta-analysis.

Table includes study site, study period, age ranges included, and frequencies and percentages of uncomplicated and SM groups amongst the study sample. Percentages with a given phenotype amongst severe cases are shown in brackets and omit missing values for that phenotype. The denominator only includes those who were assessed for that phenotype. ‘NA’ entries indicate that information on the phenotype in that study was not collected (for example, data on RDS were not collected in the Zambian study). Percentages may add up to more than 100% because the same study subject may present with more than 1 phenotype. This table excludes 196 individuals (2% of total participants) who were classified as severe in the original studies but did not meet the criteria for severe disease in the IPD analysis. See S2 Table for other severe disease phenotypes. See S4 Table for SM frequencies from the UK study, which was not used in the pooled analysis. Abbreviations: CM, cerebral malaria; IPD, individual-participant data; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; SM, severe malaria SMA, severe malarial anaemia; UM, uncomplicated malaria.