Groundwater heat pumps

Groundwater heat pumps directly use the heat energy stored in the groundwater by accessing a near-surface groundwater floor via a conveyor and a swallowing well. The permeability and yield of the aquifer to be used influence the dimensioning and cost-effectiveness of the wells and the heat pump. The more productive an aquifer, the more water and thus heat or coolness can be extracted. The chemical properties of groundwater can affect the service life of the conveying and swallowing well as the heat pump. This applies in particular. Iron and manganese (well ocking) as well as pH, magnesium and sulphate (concrete aggressiveness).
This map provides an initial overview of the potential uses of near-surface geothermal energy using groundwater heat pumps. Classified, it is shown at which locations the construction and operation of a groundwater heat pump is likely to be possible, is unlikely to be possible or a case-by-case assessment must be carried out by the water authority. The dataset provides a basis for large-scale considerations and does not replace the carrying out of detailed investigations.