Volatile organic compound profiling and relative odor activity values of Bailan melon fruits under maturity progression and grafting-associated sampling windows

This dataset contains processed HS-SPME-GC–MS volatile organic compound profiles, sample metadata, relative odor activity value (rOAV) outputs, full-matrix univariate FDR results, and figure plotting data for Bailan melon fruit samples. Five sampling groups were included: self-rooted fruit at 90% maturity, self-rooted full-ripe fruit after 5 d postharvest storage, self-rooted overripe/fermentation-risk fruit after 10 d postharvest storage, grafted stored full-ripe fruit after 5 d postharvest storage, and grafted fruit at 90% maturity. Each group contained three independent biological replicates. The dataset supports an exploratory analysis of maturity progression and grafting-associated volatile aroma variation in Bailan melon.