Survey of Russian Elites, Moscow, Russia, 1993-2020

The Survey of Russian Elites consists of one dataset that covers the years 1993, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020. The data were collected as part of a larger study of mass-elite interactions in post-Soviet Russia, with particular emphasis on the links between the domestic political economy and foreign policy perspectives. The dataset includes questions on international relations, threat perceptions, foreign policy decision-making, domestic politics, and economic issues. In particular, respondents were asked their opinions about the national interests of Russia, the role of military force in international relations, the greatest threats to stability and security, the enlargement of the European Union, NATO expansion, the need for order in Russia, and how closely Russia should follow the path of developed countries. Additional questions asked respondents about their level of influence on foreign policy decision-making, how they find out about world and domestic events, how often they discuss such events with friends or family members, whether the United States represents a threat to Russia, whether they favor giving military aid to other countries, the importance of various foreign policy goals to Russia, the influence of various governmental institutions on foreign policy, and the permissibility of using military force. Questions focusing on domestic issues asked about their attitudes regarding government spending, the rights of individuals versus those of society, the role of political competition, the responsibility of the government to its citizens, the importance and meaning of democracy, and the type of political system that is most appropriate for Russia. Respondents were also asked about Russia's relations with other countries (e.g., Ukraine, Belarus, Japan, and China), various forms of property ownership, their willingness to open a new business, national pride, political protests, the environment, their views toward immigrants and other societal groups, and Russia's political and economic future. Demographic questions include nationality, education, occupation of the respondent and other family members, sex, age, country of birth, marital status, language spoken in the home, income level, household composition, political party affiliation, religion, military service, and foreign travel.

《俄罗斯精英调查》数据集包含一个覆盖1993年、1995年、1999年、2004年、2008年、2012年、2016年和2020年间的数据集。该数据集是作为一个关于后苏联俄罗斯大众与精英互动的更大规模研究的一部分而收集的，特别关注国内政治经济与外交政策视角之间的联系。数据集涵盖了国际关系、威胁感知、外交政策决策、国内政治和经济问题等方面的内容。具体而言，受访者被问及对俄罗斯国家利益的看法、军事力量在国际关系中的作用、对稳定与安全的最大威胁、欧盟的扩大、北约的扩张、俄罗斯对秩序的需求以及俄罗斯应多大程度上追随发达国家的发展路径等问题。此外，还询问了受访者对自身在制定外交政策决策中的影响力、他们如何获取世界和国内事件的信息、他们与朋友或家庭成员讨论此类事件的频率、美国是否构成对俄罗斯的威胁、他们是否支持向其他国家提供军事援助、各种外交政策目标对俄罗斯的重要性、各种政府机构对外交政策的影响以及使用军事力量的可允许性等问题。针对国内问题的提问则涉及他们对政府开支、个人权利与社会权利的关系、政治竞争的作用、政府对其公民的责任、民主的重要性与意义，以及最适合俄罗斯的政治制度类型等问题。受访者还被问及俄罗斯与其他国家（如乌克兰、白俄罗斯、日本和中国）的关系、各种形式的财产所有权、他们开设新企业的意愿、民族自豪感、政治抗议、环境问题、他们对移民和其他社会群体的看法，以及俄罗斯的政治和经济未来。人口统计问题包括受访者的国籍、教育背景、职业以及家庭成员的职业、性别、年龄、出生地、婚姻状况、家庭使用的语言、收入水平、家庭构成、政党归属、宗教信仰、军事服役情况以及海外旅行经历等。