Spatio temporal tillage and stubble prediction in Australia

\nThis dataset integrates management records from two Australian national soil monitoring programs: the Soil Carbon Research Project (SCaRP) and the Soil Organic Carbon Monitoring project (SOC-M). It contains harmonized information on crop type, tillage practices, and stubble management collected from over 4,000 paddock sites, with a subset revisited after a decade to provide continuous records spanning 2001–2023. The data was produced to fill critical gaps in understanding long-term trends in land management practices and their influence on soil health, carbon stocks, and greenhouse gas emissions. By combining site-level observations with standardized classifications, the collection supports national greenhouse gas accounting, soil carbon modeling, and policy development, while enabling predictive frameworks for sustainable agriculture and climate.\n\nCoverage\n\nSpatial extent: Agricultural cropping zones across Australia, including major grain-producing regions in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, and Tasmania.\nTemporal range: 2001–2023, covering two decades of management history. \n\nVariables included:\nCrop type (e.g., cereals, oilseeds, pulses, cotton, maize, pastures)\nTillage practices (conventional, reduced, minimum/no-till, deep ripping)\nStubble management (retained, incorporated, grazed, baled/removed, burnt)\nSoil classification\nClimate variables (temperature, rainfall, vapor pressure, evaporation)\nSpatial coordinates (latitude, longitude) and year for temporal tracking