提高竹材使用年限與有效利用技術之研發 Research and development of techniques for elevating bamboo durability and effective use

本研究以南投縣鹿谷鄉4年生以上之孟宗竹為材料，鋸製成厚度6 mm、寬度2.5cm、長度20 cm之試片，將試片置於105±2℃之烘箱絕乾後，以上下熱板之加熱方式，熱板溫度設定為度160、180、200與220℃，加熱時間為1、2、4與8h進行熱處理後進行色差試驗，計算熱處理材之質量損失率、弦向與徑向等尺寸減少率，亦進行吸水試驗與抗彎試驗。
由試驗結果得知熱處理竹材之顏色隨處理溫度之增高與處理時間之增長而明顯加深，其色差值(△E＊)則隨處理溫度之增高與處理時間之增長而增大。熱處理竹材之質量損失率隨處理溫度之增高與處理時間之增長而明顯增加，弦向與徑向尺寸減少率亦均隨處理溫度之增高與處理時間之增長而明顯增加。同一熱處理溫度與同一熱處理時間下，弦向膨脹率與徑向膨脹率之差異不大。抗膨脹效能隨處理溫度之增高與處理時間之增長而明顯增大。熱處理竹材抗彎強度隨處理溫度之增高而明顯降低，彎彈性模數受熱處理溫度增高與熱處理時間增長之影響較不明顯。抗白蟻性隨熱處理溫度之增高而獲得改善。

In this study, Moso bamboo specimens cut into 6 mm thick, 2.5 cm wide,and 16 cm long were used for heat treatment with hot press at different temperatures (160, 180, 200 and 220℃) and different times (1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h) after oven drying at 105±2℃. The weight loss, dimensions reduction, color change, swelling, bending strength and termiteresistance of the specimens were tested.
The color of the heat-treated bamboo became black and the △E＊ increased with treatment temperature and time. The weight loss and dimensions reduction of heat-treated bamboo tended to increase with treatment temperature and time. The swelling of heat-treatment bamboo decreased with treatment temperature and time. The MOR of heat-treatment bamboo decreased significantly with treatment temperature, however, the MOE values were almost unaffected by the treatment temperature and time. The termite-resistance properties were improved by increasing treatment temperature.