Data for article: <i>Does Excellence Correspond to Universal Inequality Level?</i>
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<i>Does excellence correspond to a universal level of inequality?;</i> Soumyajyoti Biswas, Bikas K. Chakrabarti, Asim Ghosh, Sourav Ghosh, Máté Józsa, and Zoltán Néda.As the filename suggests, <i>All-Np-Nc-h-Q-g-k-b-S.dat</i> contains data on various metrics computed for 126,067 scientists with at least 100 publications (for detailed citation data, see this dataset).<i>Nobel-Np-Nc-h-Q-g-k-b-S.dat</i> contains the same metrics calculated for 77 Nobel Laureates, each with at least 100 publications. Citation counts of Nobel Laureates for specific years are provided in the <i>nobel-data</i> folder, with each filename indicating the year and the category: <i>eco</i> (economics), <i>chem</i> (chemistry), <i>med</i> (medicine), and <i>phys</i> (physics).Metrics:<b>Np</b> = number of publications<b>Nc</b> = total number of citations<b>h</b> = Hirsch index<b>Q</b> = Q-factor (maximum citations / mean citations)<b>g</b> = Gini index<b>k</b> = Kolkata index<b>b</b> = scale parameter of the fitted Tsallis-Pareto (Lomax II) distribution (see the article for more details).<b>S</b> = Shannon differential entropy of the distribution
《卓越是否对应普遍意义上的不平等？》，作者为Soumyajyoti Biswas、Bikas K. Chakrabarti、Asim Ghosh、Sourav Ghosh、Máté Józsa及Zoltán Néda。 如文件名所示，<i>All-Np-Nc-h-Q-g-k-b-S.dat</i> 包含针对126,067名发表论文不少于100篇的科学家所计算得到的多项指标数据（详细引文数据可参阅本数据集）。<i>Nobel-Np-Nc-h-Q-g-k-b-S.dat</i> 包含针对77名诺贝尔奖得主所计算得到的同类指标，所有得主的发表论文数均不少于100篇。诺贝尔奖得主各年度的引文计数存储于<i>nobel-data</i>文件夹中，各文件名均标注了对应年份与学科类别：<i>eco</i>（经济学，economics）、<i>chem</i>（化学，chemistry）、<i>med</i>（医学，medicine）、<i>phys</i>（物理学，physics）。 指标说明如下： <b>Np</b> = 发表论文数量 <b>Nc</b> = 总引文数 <b>h</b> = 赫希指数（Hirsch index） <b>Q</b> = Q因子（Q-factor，最大引文数与平均引文数的比值） <b>g</b> = 基尼系数（Gini index） <b>k</b> = 加尔各答指数（Kolkata index） <b>b</b> = 拟合得到的Tsallis-Pareto（Lomax II）分布的尺度参数（详细说明参见原文） <b>S</b> = 该分布的香农微分熵（Shannon differential entropy）
