Andreakos_Dourmas_Katsigianni,2021. Climate change - The Relationship of Rainfall with the Ecological Footprint and the UHI

The greenhouse effect and the consequent changes in weather conditions lead to extreme climate change. In this study we will present a summary of studies, regarding precipitation and how it affects the precipitation of greenhouse gases in the soil, agricultural production, ecological footprint and urban heat island (UHI). The greenhouse effect and the corresponding changes in weather conditions have led to extreme climate change. The theoretical framework of this paper includes a summary of studies regarding rainfall and how it affects the precipitation of greenhouse gases in the soil, agricultural production, ecological footprint and the urban heat island (UHI). The aim of this paper is to highlight how bio-capacity interacts with population and respectively, ecological footprint with GDP, in the 28 countries of the European Union. In addition, the change of Gini index in each country was examined in order to draw useful conclusions about its influence on the aforementioned factors and in particular on GDP and population by taking into account three decades with a base year of 1997. Specifically, data were collected and analyzed for each decade i.e. taking values for years 1997, 2007 and 2017 before the final conclusions were drawn. The paper attempts to show how Gini index has changed over the years in EU countries, compared to changes in GDP and population of each country.温室效应及其伴随的气象条件变化，引发了极端气候变化。本研究将对相关研究进行综述，聚焦降水过程及其对土壤温室气体沉降、农业生产、生态足迹（ecological footprint）与城市热岛（UHI）的影响。温室效应与相应的气象条件变化，同样催生了极端气候变化。本文的理论框架涵盖了有关降水及其对土壤温室气体沉降、农业生产、生态足迹与城市热岛（UHI）影响的研究综述。本文旨在剖析欧盟28个成员国中，生物承载力（bio-capacity）与人口、生态足迹与国内生产总值（GDP）之间的互动关系。此外，本文以1997年为基准年，选取跨度达三十年的时间区间，对各国基尼系数（Gini index）的变化展开分析，以期探究其对前述各项因素，尤其是国内生产总值与人口的影响，进而得出具有参考价值的结论。具体而言，在得出最终结论前，本文已针对每十年的节点——即1997年、2007年与2017年——收集并分析了相关数据。本文旨在阐明欧盟各国的基尼系数随时间的演变趋势，并将其与各国国内生产总值及人口的变化进行对比分析。