Integrated Critical Minerals Recovery from Produced Water and CO2 Sequestration

Figure 2A The precipitation behavior of the main metal ions in PW as a function of pH.
Figure 2B REE recovery from PW as a function of pH.
Figure 2C Carbon content and concentrations of Sr, Ba, Li, and Na during CO2 mineralization as a function of final pH.
Figure 2D XRD of precipitates at different final pH.
Figure 2E FT-IR curves of precipitates at different final pH.
Figure 2F TGA curves of the precipitate at a final pH of 12.0 and XRD of the precipitates after heating at 1000 °C for 1 h.
Figure 3A Effect extractant components on metal extraction efficiencies.
Figure 3B FT-IR spectra of (Ⅰ) TBP, (ⅠⅠ) LIX 54, and 5 vol.% LIX 54 + 20 vol.% TBP in kerosene (ⅠⅠⅠ) before and (ⅠⅤ) after extraction.
Figures 3D-3F Effect of (D) pH, (E) contact time, and (F) A/O ratio on metal extraction efficiencies.
Figure 3G XRD of Li2CO3 product from loaded organic phase.
Figure 4A Precipitated carbon content and the concentrations of Mg and Ca in the suspension as a function of final pH during CO2 sequestration.
Figure 4B XRD of the precipitates at different final pH values.
Figure 4C FT-IR of the precipitates at different final pH values.
Figure 4D TGA curves of the precipitates obtained at different final pH values.