Lipids and Inflammation in Diabetes: Exploring Biomarkers and Interventions

This thesis investigates the role of lipid disturbances and chronic low-grade inflammation in insulin-resistant conditions, including gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Findings show that women with early gestational diabetes have a distinct lipid profile, particularly elevated fatty acids and diacylglycerol compared with non-gestational diabetes controls. Nutritional interventions were also assessed. Carnosine supplementation did not improve lipid or inflammatory markers in prediabetes/type 2 diabetes, whereas probiotics and synbiotics showed beneficial effects on inflammation and body composition. Together, these studies provide new insights into biomarkers and adjunct therapies for diabetes management.