Labor Force Survey 2008 - Philippines

Abstract
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The Labor Force Survey (LFS) aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market.Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country as a whole, and for each of the administrative regions.

Importance of the Labor Force Survey:

a. It provides a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market towards
1) creation and generation of gainful employment and livelihood opportunities
2) reduction of unemployment and promotion of employment
3) improvement of working conditions
4) enhancement of the welfare of a working person
b. It provides statistics on levels and trends of employment and unemployment and underemployment for the country and regions;
c. It is used for the projection of future manpower, which when compared with the future manpower requirements, will help identify employment and training needs;
d. It helps in the assessment of the potential human resource available for economic development; and
e. It identifies the differences in employment, unemployment, and underemployment according to the different economic, social and ethnic groups existing within the population.

Geographic coverage
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The geographic coverage consists of the country's 17 administrative regions defined in Executive Order (EO) 36 and 131. The 17 regions are:

National Capital Region (NCR),
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR),
Region I - Ilocos Region,
Region II - Cagayan Valley,
Region III - Central Luzon,
Region IV-A - CALABARZON,
Region IV-B - MIMAROPA,
Region V - Bicol Region,
Region VI - Western Visayas,
Region VII - Central Visayas,
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas,
Region IX - Zamboanga Peninsula,
Region X - Northern Mindanao,
Region XI - Davao Region,
Region XII - SOCCSKSARGEN,
Caraga,
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

Analysis unit
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Individuals
Households

Universe
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The LFS has as its target population, all household members of the sample housing units nationwide. A household is defined as an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily bound by ties of kinship, who live together under the same roof and eat together or share in common the household food. Household membership comprises the head of the household, relatives living with him such as his or her spouse, children, parent, brother or sister, son-in-law or daughter-in-law, grandson or granddaughter, and other relatives. Household membership likewise includes boarders, domestic helpers and non-relatives. A person who lives alone is considered a separate household.

Persons who reside in the institutions are not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) uses the sampling design of the 2003 Master Sample (MS) for Household Surveys that started July 2003.

Sampling Frame

As in most household surveys, the 2003 MS used an area sample design. The Enumeration Area Reference File (EARF) of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) was utilized as sampling frame. The EARF contains the number of households by enumeration area (EA) in each barangay. This frame was used to form the primary sampling units (PSUs). With consideration of the period for which the 2003 MS will be in use, the PSUs were formed/defined as a barangay or a combination of barangays with at least 500 households.

Stratification Scheme

Startification involves the division of the entire population into non-overlapping subgroups called starta. Prior to sample selection, the PSUs in each domain were stratified as follows:
1) All large PSUs were treated as separate strata and were referred to as certainty selections (self-representing PSUs). A PSU was considered large if it has a large probability of selection.
2) All other PSUs were then stratified by province, highly urbanized city (HUC) and independent component city (ICC).
3) Within each province/HUC/ICC, the PSUs were further stratified or grouped with respect to some socio-economic variables that were related to poverty incidence. These variables were: (a) the proportion of strongly built houses (PSTRONG); (b) an indication of the proportion of households engaged in agriculture (AGRI); and (c) the per-capita income (PERCAPITA).

Sample Selection

To have some control over the subsample size, the PSUs were selected with probability proportional to some estimated measure of size. The size measure refers to the total number of households from the 2000 CPH. Because of the wide variation in PSU sizes, PSUs with selection probabilities greater than 1 were identified and were included in the sample as certainty selections.

At the second stage, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within sampled PSUs, and at the third stage, housing units were selected within sampled EAs. Generally, all households in sampled housing units were enumerated, except for few cases when the number of households in a housing unit exceeds three. In which case, a sample of three households in a sampled housing unit was selected at random with equal probability.

An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries within barangays, consisting of about 150 contiguous households. These EAs were identified during the 2000 CPH. A housing unit is a structurally separate and independent place of abode which, by the way it has been constructed, converted, or arranged, is intended for habitation by a household

Sample Size

The 2003 Master Sample consist of a sample of 2,835 PSUs of which 330 were certainty PSUs and 2,505 were non certainty PSUs. The number of households for the 2000 CPH was used as measure of size. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the PSUs found in one replicate; a half-sample contains one-half of the PSUs in two replicates. Thus, the survey covers a nationwide sample of about 51,000 households deemed sufficient to measure the levels of employment and unemployment at the national and regional levels.

Strategy for non-response

Replacement of sample households within the sample housing units is allowed only if the listed sample households had moved out of the housing unit. Replacement should be the household currently residing in the sample housing unit previously occupied by the original sample.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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ISH Form 2 (LFS questionnaire) is a four-page, forty four-column questionnaire that is being used in the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey nationwide. This questionnaire gathers data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population.

On the first page of the questionnaire, the particulars about the geographic location, design codes and household auxiliary information of the sample household that is being interviewed are to be recorded. Certifications by the enumerator and his supervisor regarding the manner by which the data are collected are likewise to be made on this page.

The inside pages of the questionnaire contain the items to be determined about each member of the sample household. Columns 2 to 11 are for the demographic characteristics; columns 2 to 7A are to be ascertained of all members of the household regardless of age. Columns 8 to 9 are asked for members 5 years old and over, while column 10 is asked for members 5 to 24 years old, column 11, for 15 years old and over, while columns 12 to 16 are asked for members 5 years old and over. Items 18 to 44 on the other hand, are the series of items that will be asked of all the members 15 years old and over to determine their labor force and employment characteristics.

Most of the questions have pre-coded responses. The possible answers with their corresponding codes are printed at the bottom of the page for easy reference. Only the appropriate codes need to be entered in the cells. Other items, however, require write-in entries such as column 14 (primary occupation) and column 16 (kind of business/industry), etc. For such items, it is required that the enumerator describes the primary occupation or kind of business/industry.

The ISH Form 2 is provided as external resources.

Cleaning operations
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Data processing involves two stages: manual processing and machine processing.

Manual processing is done at the provincial offices. This is the general review of the questionnaires. This process includes the folioing of the questionnaires, completeness and consistency checking of the responses, editing and coding of responses. This is done prior to machine processing.
The average output per day is 50 questionnaires.

Response rate
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A total of 56,414 households were selected for the January 2008 LFS. Of this total, 44,410 were considered eligible households where 94.9 percent or 42,161 households were successfully interviewed.Among the regions, Ilocos Region had the highest response rate of 96.7 percent. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) registered the lowest response rate of 89.8 percent.

摘要
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劳动力调查（LFS）旨在为制定影响劳动力市场的计划和政策的制定提供一个定量框架。具体而言，该调查旨在为整个国家和各个行政区域提供关于就业、失业和低就业水平的统计数据。

劳动力调查的重要性：
a. 它为以下方面提供了制定影响劳动力市场的计划和政策的定量框架：
1) 创造和生成有利的就业和生活机会
2) 减少失业并促进就业
3) 改善工作条件
4) 提高劳动者的福利
b. 为国家和地区的就业、失业和低就业水平的水平和趋势提供统计数据；
c. 用于预测未来的人力资源，与未来的人力资源需求相比较，有助于确定就业和培训需求；
d. 有助于评估可用于经济发展的潜在人力资源；
e. 根据存在于人口中的不同经济、社会和民族群体，确定就业、失业和低就业的差异。

地理覆盖范围
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地理覆盖范围包括由行政命令（EO）36和131定义的国家的17个行政区域。这17个区域包括：

国家首都地区（NCR）、
科迪勒拉行政区（CAR）、
第I区 - 伊洛科斯地区、
第II区 - 卡加延谷、
第III区 - 中吕宋、
第IV-A区 - 卡拉巴松、
第IV-B区 - 米马罗帕、
第V区 - 薄荷地区、
第VI区 - 西维萨亚斯、
第VII区 - 中维萨亚斯、
第VIII区 - 东维萨亚斯、
第IX区 - 赞博角半岛、
第X区 - 北Mindanao、
第XI区 - 达沃地区、
第XII区 - SOCCSKSARGEN、
卡加亚、
穆斯林 Mindanao 自治区（ARMM）。

分析单元
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个人
家庭

总体
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劳动力调查的目标总体是全国范围内样本住房单位的家庭成员。家庭被定义为生活在同一屋顶下、共同进餐或共同分享家庭食品的人的集合，他们通常但并不一定由血缘关系联系在一起。家庭成员包括户主、与他/她同住的相关亲属，如配偶、子女、父母、兄弟姐妹、女婿或儿媳、孙子或孙女，以及其他亲属。家庭成员还包括寄宿者、家庭佣人和非亲属。独居的人被视为一个单独的家庭。居住在机构中的人不在调查范围内。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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劳动力调查（LFS）的抽样设计采用了2003年主样本（MS）的抽样设计，该样本调查始于2003年7月。

抽样框

与大多数家庭调查一样，2003年MS使用了地区样本设计。2000年人口和住房普查（CPH）的列举区域参考文件（EARF）被用作抽样框。EARF包含每个村庄的列举区域（EA）的家庭数量。这个框架被用来形成一级抽样单位（PSU）。考虑到2003年MS的使用期限，PSU被形成/定义为村庄或至少有500户家庭的村庄组合。

分层方案

分层涉及将整个人口划分为非重叠的子群体，称为分层。在样本选择之前，每个领域的PSU被按以下方式分层：
1) 所有大型PSU被视为单独的分层，并被称为确定性选择（自我表示的PSU）。一个PSU被认为是大的，如果它有较大的选择概率。
2) 所有其他PSU随后按省份、高度城市化城市（HUC）和独立组成部分城市（ICC）分层。
3) 在每个省份/HUC/ICC内，PSU根据与贫困发生率相关的某些社会经济变量进一步分层或分组。这些变量是：（a）强健房屋的比例（PSTRONG）；（b）参与农业的家庭比例的指标（AGRI）；以及（c）人均收入（PERCAPITA）。

样本选择

为了对子样本大小有所控制，PSU根据一些估计的规模度量以概率成比例地进行选择。规模度量是指2000年CPH中的总家庭数。由于PSU规模差异很大，确定了选择概率大于1的PSU，并将它们包括在样本中作为确定性选择。

在第二阶段，在样本PSU内选择列举区域（EA），在第三阶段，在样本EA内选择住宅单位。通常，所有样本住宅单位中的家庭都被登记，但在少数情况下，住宅单位中的家庭数量超过三个时除外。在这种情况下，从样本住宅单位中随机选择三个家庭作为样本，概率相等。

EA被定义为具有可识别边界的区域，位于村庄内，大约有150个连续的家庭。这些EA在2000年CPH期间被确定。住宅单位是一个结构上独立且独立的居住场所，通过其建造、改造或布置方式，旨在供家庭居住。

样本量

2003年主样本包括2,835个PSU的样本，其中330个是确定性PSU，2,505个是非确定性PSU。2000年CPH的家庭数被用作规模度量。整个MS被分为四个子样本或独立复制，例如，一个四分之一样本包含一个复制中发现的一个PSU的四分之一；一个半样本包含两个复制中的PSU的一半。因此，调查覆盖了约51,000户家庭的国家样本，被认为足以衡量国家和地区的就业和失业水平。

非响应策略
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只有当列出的样本家庭已从住宅单位搬出时，才允许在样本住宅单位内替换样本家庭。替换应该是目前居住在先前由原始样本家庭居住的样本住宅单位中的家庭。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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ISH表2（LFS问卷）是一份四页、四十四列的问卷，在全国劳动力调查的季度轮次中使用。该问卷收集有关人口的人口和经济特征数据。

问卷的第一页应记录正在接受访谈的样本家庭的地理位置、设计代码和辅助信息。登记员及其主管关于收集数据方式的证明也应在这一页上做出。

问卷的内部页面包含有关样本家庭每个成员需要确定的项目。列2至11用于人口特征；列2至7A需要确定所有家庭成员，无论年龄大小。列8至9是询问5岁及以上的成员，而列10是询问5至24岁的成员，列11是询问15岁及以上的成员，而列12至16是询问5岁及以上的成员。另一方面，项目18至44是询问所有15岁及以上成员以确定他们的劳动力和就业特征的一系列项目。

大多数问题都有预先编码的答案。可能的答案及其相应的代码打印在页面底部，以便于参考。只需在单元格中输入适当的代码。然而，其他项目则需要手写输入，例如列14（主要职业）和列16（业务/行业类型）等。对于此类项目，要求登记员描述主要职业或业务/行业类型。

ISH表2作为外部资源提供。

数据清理操作
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数据处理涉及两个阶段：人工处理和机器处理。

人工处理在省级办公室进行。这是对问卷的一般审查。此过程包括问卷的装订、检查回答的完整性和一致性、编辑和编码回答。这是在机器处理之前完成的。
平均每天输出50份问卷。

响应率
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2008年1月劳动力调查共选择了56,414户家庭。其中，44,410户家庭被认为是有资格的家庭，其中94.9％或42,161户家庭成功接受了访谈。在各个地区中，伊洛科斯地区的响应率最高，为96.7％。穆斯林 Mindanao 自治区（ARMM）的响应率最低，为89.8％。