The U.S. Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions System (GRA2PES)

To bridge the gap between the development of greenhouse gas (GHG) and air quality (AQ) emission inventories, we developed the GReenhouse gas And Air Pollutant Emissions System (GRA2PES), which provides self-consistent GHG and AQ emissions over the contiguous U.S. This inventory provides emissions at 4 km x 4 km spatial resolution with year, month, day-of-week, and diurnal temporal information. GRA2PES utilizes datasets from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and leverages a few well evaluated inventories for specific sectors, including the Fuel-based Oil and Gas (FOG) inventory, the Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions (FIVE), and the Volatile Chemical Products (VCP) inventory. GRA2PES provides knowledge of the characteristics of AQ and GHG emissions and their relationships at finer mitigation spatiotemporal scales, which is fundamentally important for modeling AQ co-benefits of GHG emissions reductions. Also, as a self-consistent GHG and AQ emissions inventory, GRA2PES can be utilized in multi-species joint data assimilation (DA) of GHG and AQ emissions, enabling source appointment. We aim to provide GRA2PES as a dataset to inform integrated assessments of climate and air quality for researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers.