Data from: Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects

Hemipteroid insects (Paraneoptera), with over 10% of all known insect
diversity, are a major component of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Previous phylogenetic analyses have not consistently resolved the
relationships among major hemipteroid lineages. We provide maximum
likelihood-based phylogenomic analyses of a taxonomically comprehensive
dataset comprising sequences of 2,395 single-copy, protein-coding genes
for 193 samples of hemipteroid insects and outgroups. These analyses yield
a well-supported phylogeny for hemipteroid insects. Monophyly of each of
the three hemipteroid orders (Psocodea, Thysanoptera, and Hemiptera) is
strongly supported, as are most relationships among suborders and
families. Thysanoptera (thrips) is strongly supported as sister to
Hemiptera. However, as in a recent large-scale analysis sampling all
insect orders, trees from our data matrices support Psocodea (bark lice
and parasitic lice) as the sister group to the holometabolous insects
(those with complete metamorphosis). In contrast, four-cluster likelihood
mapping of these data does not support this result. A molecular dating
analysis using 23 fossil calibration points suggests hemipteroid insects
began diversifying before the Carboniferous, over 365 million years ago.
We also explore implications for understanding the timing of
diversification, the evolution of morphological traits, and the evolution
of mitochondrial genome organization. These results provide a phylogenetic
framework for future studies of the group.