ETEC; Salmonella dublin Genome sequencing and assembly

-ETEC causes diarrhea in calves that are less than 3-4 days old. The calves become depressed, dehydrated, and die quickly. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. ETEC produces two types of virulence factors: adhesins and enterotoxins. Adhesins promote binding and colonization of the intestinal epithelium. Enterotoxins are responsible for fluid secretion. The major aspects of ETEC virulence are colonization of the small intestine and the secretion of enterotoxins.-Salmonella is a bacterial pathogen that can affect young calves, causing gastroenteritis and other health issues. Infected calves may exhibit symptoms such as diarrhea, lethargy, dehydration, fever, and in severe cases, septicemia. Calves typically contract Salmonella through ingestion of contaminated feed, water, or exposure to an environment contaminated with the bacteria.Prevention of bovine neonatal bovine diarrhea, caused by salmonella and ETEC in young calves, requires a comprehensive approach including good management practices, biosecurity measures and mainly vaccination, with the aim of maintaining herd health and minimizing the risk of transmission to both animals and humans under the One Health concept.