Ecosystem services under different intensities of land use managed by family farmers

Information about the socioecological systems around protected areas is vital for conservation planning in multifunctional landscapes. It is essential to investigate land use by local communities and ecological data from native areas. Different ecosystem dynamics affect the provision of ecosystem services, which in turn alter human outcomes. Family farming has several land uses that must be considered when estimating ecosystem services. We investigated agricultural settlements adjacent to full protection conservation units in the Cerrado biome of Central Brazil, focusing on the variation in ecosystem services and their correlations with biodiversity data in different land uses by family farmers. We carry out forest inventories to estimate three ecosystem services: carbon storage, provision of edible native fruits and habitat provision. The highest estimates for ecosystem services are in native areas destined for agroextractive purposes. A strong positive correlation was found between the diversity index and carbon storage, indicating that more diverse areas are generally more effective at capturing and storing carbon. This study highlights the importance of understanding the ecological benefits of different land uses to support management strategies, inform public policies, and provide financial incentives to family farmers.保护区周边社会生态系统（socioecological systems）的相关信息，对多功能景观下的保护规划至关重要。开展本地社区土地利用情况与原生区域生态数据的调查研究，实为必要之举。不同生态系统动态会影响生态系统服务（ecosystem services）的供给能力，进而改变人类发展成果。家庭农业涉及多种土地利用方式，在评估生态系统服务时需将其纳入考量范畴。本研究针对巴西中部塞拉多生物群区（Cerrado Biome）毗邻严格保护型保育单元的农业定居点展开调查，重点聚焦家庭农户不同土地利用模式下的生态系统服务变异特征，及其与生物多样性数据的关联关系。我们通过开展森林资源清查，对三项核心生态系统服务进行评估：碳储量、可食用原生果实供给以及栖息地供给。专用于农采复合经营的原生区域，其生态系统服务估值最高。研究发现物种多样性指数与碳储量之间存在显著正相关关系，这表明生物多样性更丰富的区域通常在碳捕获与储存方面表现更为高效。本研究强调了厘清不同土地利用方式的生态效益的重要性，以期为保护管理策略制定、公共政策优化提供科学参考，并为家庭农户提供财政激励支持。