From digital transformation conditions to management effectiveness: examining the mediating role of digital leadership capacity in K–12 schools in Vietnam

Description This repository contains the dataset, analytical outputs, questionnaire, codebook, and manuscript associated with the study titled From Digital Transformation Conditions to Management Effectiveness: Examining the Mediating Role of Digital Leadership Capacity in K–12 Schools in Vietnam. The study investigates how integrated digital transformation conditions influence principals’ management effectiveness directly and indirectly through digital leadership capacity across Vietnamese K–12 educational environments. Research Context Digital transformation increasingly influences organizational coordination, leadership practices, administrative decision-making, and institutional management across contemporary educational systems. Vietnamese K–12 schools currently experience growing pressure to strengthen digitally supported management capacity under conditions characterized by unequal infrastructure readiness, institutional disparities, and expanding policy expectations regarding educational modernization. The present study conceptualizes Integrated Digital Transformation Conditions as a higher-order construct consisting of managerial, institutional, and policy-contextual dimensions. Digital Leadership Capacity functions as the mediating construct, while Management Effectiveness represents the primary organizational outcome. Methodological Information Research design: Cross-sectional survey study Data collection period: August 2025 to December 2025 Educational context: Vietnamese K–12 schools Participants: 585 principals and vice principals Measurement scale: Five-point Likert scale Analytical approach: Hierarchical partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) Statistical software: SmartPLS and Python Constructs Included Lower-order constructs Managerial Conditions (MC) Institutional Conditions (IC) Policy-Contextual Conditions (PC) Higher-order construct Integrated Digital Transformation Conditions (IDTC) Mediating construct Digital Leadership Capacity (DLC) Outcome construct Management Effectiveness (ME) Analytical Procedures The repository includes outputs associated with: Reflective measurement model assessment Higher-order construct estimation Bootstrapping procedures Blindfolding and predictive relevance analysis PLSpredict assessment Measurement invariance assessment (MICOM) Multigroup analysis across disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged school contexts Descriptive and demographic statistical analysis Repository Contents 0.Dat_set_LVS.xlsxRaw survey dataset used for statistical analysis. 0.Codebook.xlsxVariable definitions, construct structures, item descriptions, and measurement specifications. Descriptive.pyPython script used for demographic and descriptive statistical analysis. Demographic_and_Descriptive_Statistics.xlsxDemographic distributions and descriptive statistical outputs. 1. Reflective_Algorithm.xlsxReflective measurement model assessment results. 2. Reflective_bootstrapping.xlsxBootstrapping outputs for reflective measurement assessment. 3. Second_order_bootstrapping.xlsxBootstrapping outputs for higher-order construct estimation. 4. Second_order_althrith.xlsxHigher-order construct algorithm outputs. 4. Second_order_blindfolding.xlsxBlindfolding and predictive relevance assessment outputs. 6. Purmultant_dis_non_dis.xlsxPermutation and MICOM analysis outputs across school contexts. 7. Predict.xlsxPLSpredict and out-of-sample predictive assessment results. 8. Group_analysis.xlsxMultigroup analysis outputs comparing disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged schools. Questionaire.docxFull questionnaire administered to participants. Manuscript.docxFinal manuscript associated with the dataset. Main Findings Integrated Digital Transformation Conditions demonstrated a strong positive effect on Digital Leadership Capacity (β = 0.543). Digital Leadership Capacity subsequently exerted a significant positive influence on Management Effectiveness (β = 0.446). Mediation analysis additionally confirmed that leadership capacity functioned as an important organizational mechanism linking transformation conditions with management outcomes (β = 0.242). The structural model demonstrated moderate explanatory capability with R² values reaching 0.295 for Digital Leadership Capacity and 0.377 for Management Effectiveness.