The influence of grain crushing and pore collapse on the formation of faults – data

This deposit contains the output of the simulations described in The influence of grain crushing and pore collapse on the formation of faults, N.A. Collins-Craft, I. Stefanou, J. Sulem & I. Einav, available at https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025JB033062. The codes that generated the data are available in either a Zenodo deposit at https://zenodo.org/records/17199356, or via a GitHub repository (the preferred method): https://github.com/nickcollins-craft/The-influence-of-grain-crushing-and-pore-collapse-on-the-formation-of-faults. The structure of the deposit is a .tar.xz file, which will unpack to a folder with a structure as follows: constant_confining_stress_shear: The constant_confining_stress_shear folder contains the results (time-integrations and localisation analyses) of the simulations at a single material point, under constant confining stress conditions, described in section 4.3 of the paper and illustrated in Figures 9, 10, 12, 13, S.2 and S.4. It features ten subfolders: original: The original folder contains the results of simulations on the original model with varying coupling angle, and features five subfolders: omega_0.0_p_initial_200.0: The omega_0.0_p_initial_200.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 0 degrees and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_45.0_p_initial_100.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_100.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_45.0_p_initial_200.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_200.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_45.0_p_initial_300.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_300.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_90.0_p_initial_200.0: The omega_90.0_p_initial_200.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 90 degrees and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.25 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_100.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_100.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_150.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_150.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_250.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_250.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 250 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_300.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_300.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.75 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 1.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. constant_volume_shear: The constant_volume_shear folder contains the results (time-integrations and localisation analyses) of the simulations at a single material point, under constant volume conditions, described in section 4.3 of the paper and illustrated in Figures 8, 10, 11, 13, S.1 and S.3. It features ten subfolders: original: The original folder contains the results of simulations on the original model with varying coupling angle, and features five subfolders: omega_0.0_p_initial_200.0: The omega_0.0_p_initial_200.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 0 degrees and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_45.0_p_initial_100.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_100.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_45.0_p_initial_200.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_200.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_45.0_p_initial_300.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_300.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. omega_90.0_p_initial_200.0: The omega_90.0_p_initial_200.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 90 degrees and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.25 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_100.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_100.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_150.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_150.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_250.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_250.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 250 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_initial_300.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_initial_300.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 0.75 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_initial_200.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_initial_200.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable set to 1.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features three .jld2 files containing the time integration results, the incremental stiffness tensors, and the localisation analysis results. drained_triaxial: The drained_triaxial folder contains the results (time-integrations) of the simulations at a single material point, under drained triaxial compression conditions, described in section 4.2 of the paper and illustrated in Figure 6. It features six subfolders: original: The original folder contains the results of simulations on the original model with varying initial confining stress, and features five subfolders: omega_45.0_p_initial_120.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_120.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 120 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. omega_45.0_p_initial_180.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_180.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 180 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. omega_45.0_p_initial_250.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_250.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 250 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. omega_45.0_p_initial_300.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_300.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. omega_45.0_p_initial_350.0: The omega_45.0_p_initial_350.0 folder contains the results of simulations of the original model with the omega parameter set to 45 degrees and an initial confining stress of 350 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_120.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_120.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable in the unstressed state set to 0.44 and an initial confining stress of 120 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_180.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_180.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable in the unstressed state set to 0.44 and an initial confining stress of 180 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_250.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_250.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable in the unstressed state set to 0.44 and an initial confining stress of 250 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_300.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_300.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable in the unstressed state set to 0.44 and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_350.0: The zeta_0.5_chi_0.44_p_initial_350.0 folder containts the results of simulations of the new model with the initial value of the chi variable in the unstressed state set to 0.44 and an initial confining stress of 350 MPa, and features a .jld2 file containing the time integration results. experimental: The experimental folder contains data that has been numerically extracted from Figure 3(a) and Figure 5 of the paper Mechanical Behaviour and Failure Mode of Bentheim Sandstone under Triaxial Compression, E. Klein, P. Baud, T. Reuschlé & T.-F. Wong, 2001, stored as .csv files. The data extracted from Figure 3(a) consists of a separate .csv file for each confining pressure, while the data extracted from Figure 5 is a .csv file containing the data points at the onset of dilation or compactive yield stress, as appropriate. The data sets are illustrated in Figures 2 and 6. FEM: The FEM folder stores data generated by the finite element simulations of the new model using the Numerical Geolab framework described in section 4.4 of the paper, and illustrated in Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and S.5. It contains two subfolders: constant_confining_stress: The constant_confining_stress folder contains the results of the finite element simulations conducted under constant confining stress, all of which have the zeta parameter set to 0.5, and contains nine subfolders: constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_200: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_200: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.25 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_100: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_100 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_150: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_150 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 150 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_200: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_250: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_250 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 250 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_300: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_300 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_200: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 0.75 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_200: The constant_confining_stress_zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the chi variable initially set to 1.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume: The constant_volume folder contains the results of the finite element simulations conducted under constant volume, and contains ten subfolders: constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_200: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.0_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_200: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.25_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.25 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_100: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_100 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_150: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_150 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 150 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_200: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_250: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_250 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 250 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_300: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.5_p_300 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 300 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_200: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_0.75_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 0.75 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_200: The constant_volume_zeta_0.5_chi_1.0_p_200 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 0.5, the chi variable initially set to 1.0 and an initial confining stress of 200 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. constant_volume_zeta_1.0_chi_0.5_p_100: The constant_volume_zeta_1.0_chi_0.5_p_100 folder contains the results of a simulation with the zeta parameter set to 1.0, the chi variable initially set to 0.5 and an initial confining stress of 100 MPa, and features a .h5 file indexed by a .xdmf file that are the original outputs of the simulation, as well as two .jld2 files that contain the post-processed outputs and the results of the curve fitting analysis. yield_surface: The yield_surface folder contains the data describing the yield surfaces obtained in the new model when varying the B and chi variables, and changing the zeta parameter. It contains four subfolders: calibrated_values: The calibrated_values folder contains two .jld2 files containing the p-q points that lie on the yield surface of the new model, one file with the results as B is varied and one file with the results as chi is varied, and is illustrated in Figure 3. calibration_yield_surface: The calibration_yield_surface folder contains a .jld2 file with the p-q coordinates of the points that lie of the yield surface of the new model calibrated against experimental data in section 4.1 of the paper, and is illustrated in Figure 2. original_calibration_yield_surface: The original_calibration_yield_surface folder contains a .jld2 file with the p-q coordinates of the points that lie on the yield surface of the original model calibrated against experimental data in section 4.1 of the paper, and is illustrated in Figure 2. zeta_sensitivity: The zeta_sensitivity folder contains a .jld2 file that contains the p-q points that lie on the yield surface of the new model as zeta is varied, and is illustrated in Figure 4.