Do files as stata file.

This study examined gender-related differences in life satisfaction among 70,314 South Africans (33,325 males and 36,989 females) using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory (2009–2024). Life satisfaction levels (suffering, struggling, thriving) were analyzed in relation to demographic factors including age, education, employment, income, and population group. Using multilevel psychodemographic analyses, the study uniquely identifies how these factors operate differently for males and females over a 15-year period. Education, employment, and income were significant predictors of life satisfaction (all p