Marine Species Biodiversity - AquaMaps|海洋生物多样性数据集|物种分布预测数据集

AquaMaps are computer-generated predictions of natural occurrence of marine species, based on the environmental tolerance of a given species with respect to depth, salinity, temperature, primary productivity, and its association with sea ice or coastal areas. These 'environmental envelopes' are matched against an authority file which contains respective information for the Oceans of the World. Independent knowledge such as distribution by FAO areas or bounding boxes are used to avoid mapping species in areas that contain suitable habitat, but are not occupied by the species. Maps show the color-coded likelihood of a species to occur in a half-degree cell, with about 50 km side length near the equator. Experts are able to review, modify and approve maps.

Environmental envelopes are created in part (FAO areas, bounding boxes, depth ranges) from respective information in species databases such as FishBase and in part from occurrence records available from OBIS or GBIF. AquaMaps predictions have been validated successfully for a number of species using independent data sets and the model was shown to perform equally well or better than other standard species distribution models, when faced with the currently existing suboptimal input data sets (Ready et al. 2010).

The creation of AquaMaps is supported by the following projects: MARA, Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation, INCOFISH, Sea Around Us, and Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorals.

Kaschner, K., D.P. Tittensor, J. Ready, T Gerrodette and B. Worm (2011). Current and Future Patterns of Global Marine Mammal Biodiversity. PLoS ONE 6(5): e19653. PDF

Ready, J., K. Kaschner, A.B. South, P.D Eastwood, T. Rees, J. Rius, E. Agbayani, S. Kullander and R. Froese (2010). Predicting the distributions of marine organisms at the global scale. Ecological Modelling 221(3): 467-478. PDF

Copyright
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. (CC-BY-NC)
You are welcome to include maps from www.aquamaps.org in your own web sites for non-commercial use, given that such inserts are clearly identified as coming from AquaMaps, with a backward link to the respective source page.

Contacts
Rainer Froese, GEOMAR, Coordinator [e-mail]
Kristin Kaschner, Uni Freiburg, model development [e-mail]
Ma. Lourdes D. Palomares, UBC, extension to non-fish marine organisms [e-mail]
Sven Kullander, NRM, extension to freshwater [e-mail]
Jonathan Ready, NRM, implementation [e-mail]
Tony Rees, formerly with CSIRO, mapping tools [e-mail]
Paul Eastwood, SOPAC, validation [e-mail]
Andy South, CEFAS, validation [e-mail]
Josephine Rius-Barile, Q-quatics, database programming / data collection [e-mail]
Cristina Garilao, GEOMAR, web programming [e-mail]
Kathleen Kesner-Reyes, Q-quatics, map validation [e-mail]
Elizabeth Bato, Q-quatics, map validation (non-fish) [e-mail]

Citing AquaMaps

General citation
Kaschner, K., K. Kesner-Reyes, C. Garilao, J. Rius-Barile, T. Rees, and R. Froese. 2019. AquaMaps: Predicted range maps for aquatic species. World wide web electronic publication, www.aquamaps.org, version 10/2019.

Cite individual maps as, e.g.,
Computer Generated Map for Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod). www.aquamaps.org, version 10/2019 (accessed 01 Oct 2019).

Reviewed Native Distribution Map for Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod). www.aquamaps.org, version 10/2019 (accessed 01 Oct 2019).

Cite biodiversity maps as, e.g.,
Shark and Ray Biodiversity Map. www.aquamaps.org, version 10/2019 (accessed 01 Oct 2019).

Cite the environmental dataset as, e.g.,
Kesner-Reyes, K., Segschneider, J., Garilao, C., Schneider, B., Rius-Barile, J., Kaschner, K., and Froese, R.(editors). AquaMaps Environmental Dataset: Half-Degree Cells Authority File (HCAF). World Wide Web electronic publication, www.aquamaps.org/main/envt_main.php, ver. 7, 10/2019.

Using Full or Large Sets of AquaMaps Data
We encourage partnering with the AquaMaps team for larger research projects or publications that would make intensive use of AquaMaps to ensure that you have access to the latest version and/or reviewed maps, the limitations of the data set are clearly understood and addressed, and that critical maps and/or unlikely results are recognized as such and double-checked for correctness prior to drawing conclusions and/or subsequent publication.

The AquaMaps team can be contacted through Rainer Froese ([e-mail]) or Kristin Kaschner ([e-mail]).

Privacy Policy
AquaMaps uses log data generate usage statistics. Like most websites, AquMaps gathers information about internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser, referring pages, operating system, date/time, clicks, and visited pages, and store it in log files. This information is used to find errors in our website, analyze trends, and determine country of origin of our users. The log files are stored indefinitely. Only the administrators of the AquaMaps server has direct access to the log files. The information is used to inform further development of AquaMaps. Usage statistics may be shared with third parties for non-commercial purposes.

Disclaimer
AquaMaps generates standardized computer-generated and fairly reliable large scale predictions of marine and freshwater species. Although the AquaMaps team and their collaborators have obtained data from sources believed to be reliable and have made every reasonable effort to ensure its accuracy, many maps have not yet been verified by experts and we strongly suggest you verify species occurrences with independent sources before usage. We will not be held responsible for any consequence from the use or misuse of these data and/or maps by any organization or individual.

Copyright
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-NC). You are welcome to include text, numbers and maps from AquaMaps in your own web sites for non-commercial use, given that such inserts are clearly identified as coming from AquaMaps, with a backward link to the respective source page. Note that although species photos and drawings draw mainly from FishBase and SeaLifeBase, they belong to the indicated persons or organizations and have their own copyright statements.

AquaMaps为海洋物种自然分布的计算机生成预测，基于特定物种对深度、盐度、温度、初级生产力和与其关联的海洋冰层或沿海地区的环境耐受性。这些‘环境包络’与包含世界各大洋相应信息的权威文件进行匹配。通过FAO区域或边界框等独立知识，如分布，用于避免将物种映射到具有适宜栖息地但未被该物种占据的区域。地图以颜色编码显示物种在半度单元格中出现的可能性，在赤道附近，单元格的边长约为50公里。专家能够审查、修改和批准地图。

环境包络部分基于物种数据库（如FishBase）中的相关信息（FAO区域、边界框、深度范围）以及来自OBIS或GBIF的现况记录创建。AquaMaps预测已成功验证了多种物种的独立数据集，并显示该模型在面对目前存在的次优输入数据集时，其性能与标准物种分布模型相当或更优（Ready等人，2010年）。

AquaMaps的创建得到了以下项目的支持：MARA、Pew海洋保护学者项目、INCOFISH、Sea Around Us和六射珊瑚生物地理信息学。

Kaschner, K.，D.P. Tittensor，J. Ready，T Gerrodette和B. Worm（2011年）。全球海洋哺乳动物生物多样性的当前和未来模式。PLoS ONE 6(5)：e19653。PDF

Ready，J.，K. Kaschner，A.B. South，P.D Eastwood，T. Rees，J. Rius，E. Agbayani，S. Kullander和R. Froese（2010年）。预测全球尺度海洋生物的分布。生态建模221(3)：467-478。PDF

版权
Creative Commons许可证
本作品受Creative Commons署名-非商业3.0未本地化许可证（CC-BY-NC）许可。您可以在自己的网站上包含来自www.aquamaps.org的地图，用于非商业用途，前提是此类插入明确标识为来自AquaMaps，并带有指向相应源页面的反向链接。

联系信息
Rainer Froese，GEOMAR，协调员 [e-mail]
Kristin Kaschner，弗莱堡大学，模型开发 [e-mail]
Ma. Lourdes D. Palomares，UBC，扩展到非鱼类海洋生物 [e-mail]
Sven Kullander，NRM，扩展到淡水 [e-mail]
Jonathan Ready，NRM，实施 [e-mail]
Tony Rees，前CSIRO员工，制图工具 [e-mail]
Paul Eastwood，SOPAC，验证 [e-mail]
Andy South，CEFAS，验证 [e-mail]
Josephine Rius-Barile，Q-quatics，数据库编程/数据收集 [e-mail]
Cristina Garilao，GEOMAR，网页编程 [e-mail]
Kathleen Kesner-Reyes，Q-quatics，地图验证 [e-mail]
Elizabeth Bato，Q-quatics，地图验证（非鱼类） [e-mail]

引用AquaMaps

一般引用
Kaschner, K.，K. Kesner-Reyes，C. Garilao，J. Rius-Barile，T. Rees和R. Froese。2019年。AquaMaps：水生物种预测分布图。全球网络电子出版物，www.aquamaps.org，版本10/2019。

例如，引用个别地图：大西洋鲑鱼（Gadus morhua）的计算机生成地图。www.aquamaps.org，版本10/2019（访问日期：2019年10月1日）。

已审查的原生分布图，大西洋鲑鱼（Gadus morhua）。www.aquamaps.org，版本10/2019（访问日期：2019年10月1日）。

例如，引用生物多样性地图：鲨鱼和鳐鱼生物多样性地图。www.aquamaps.org，版本10/2019（访问日期：2019年10月1日）。

例如，引用环境数据集：Kesner-Reyes，K.，Segschneider，J.，Garilao，C.，Schneider，B.，Rius-Barile，J.，Kaschner，K.和Froese，R.（编辑）。AquaMaps环境数据集：半度单元格权威文件（HCAF）。全球网络电子出版物，www.aquamaps.org/main/envt_main.php，版本7，10/2019。

使用AquaMaps数据的全套或大量集
我们鼓励与AquaMaps团队合作进行较大的研究项目或出版物，以确保您能够访问最新版本和/或已审查的地图，明确理解并解决数据集的限制，以及识别关键的地图和/或不太可能的结果，并在得出结论和/或随后的出版物之前进行双重检查。

AquaMaps团队可以通过Rainer Froese（[e-mail]）或Kristin Kaschner（[e-mail]）联系。

隐私政策
AquaMaps使用日志数据生成使用统计信息。像大多数网站一样，AquaMaps收集有关互联网协议（IP）地址、浏览器、引用页面、操作系统、日期/时间、点击和访问页面的信息，并将其存储在日志文件中。这些信息用于查找我们网站中的错误、分析趋势和确定我们用户的国籍。日志文件无限期存储。只有AquaMaps服务器的管理员可以直接访问日志文件。这些信息用于告知AquaMaps的进一步开发。使用统计信息可能与非商业目的共享给第三方。

免责声明
AquaMaps生成标准化的计算机生成的大规模预测，这些预测相当可靠，涉及海洋和淡水物种。尽管AquaMaps团队及其合作者已从被认为是可靠的数据源中获取数据，并已尽一切合理努力确保其准确性，但许多地图尚未经过专家的验证，我们强烈建议在使用前通过独立来源验证物种的出现。我们不会对任何组织或个人使用或误用这些数据和/或地图的任何后果承担责任。

版权
本作品受Creative Commons署名-非商业3.0未本地化许可证（CC-BY-NC）许可。您可以在自己的网站上包含来自AquaMaps的文本、数字和地图，用于非商业用途，前提是此类插入明确标识为来自AquaMaps，并带有指向相应源页面的反向链接。请注意，尽管物种照片和插图主要来自FishBase和SeaLifeBase，但它们属于所指的个人或组织，并有其自己的版权声明。