German Electricity Imports per Country and per Type, 2021-2025 [Dataset and supplementary material]

Expanded result datasets from the conference proceedings article "[Where do Germany's electricity imports come from?](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11050092)", presented at the [21st International Conference on the European Energy Market Lisbon](https://eem25.pt/), 27-29 May 2025, Portugal (free preprint available [here](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20232)). The work was also discussed in a [presentation](https://zenodo.org/records/15025563) at the [2nd NFDI4Energy Conference 2025](https://nfdi4energy.uol.de/sites/conference/2025/) in Karlsruhe, Germany.

Each file contains electricity imports of the Germany-Luxembourg bidding zone for the given year either per origin bidding zone (accordingly, per origin country can be calculated by aggregating over corresponding bidding zone values) or per generation technology, based on different measures. Additionally, complete hourly time series per origin bidding zone, per origin type, and per origin type per bidding zone are available. It should be emphasized that, as will be discussed in the article, there is no uniquely correct measure for the amount or origin/type of electricity imports, but rather different methods based on different interpretations, yielding potentially very different results.

Abbreviations used for the different measures*:
CFT: Commercial flows total
Netted CFT: Netted commercial flows total
Pooled Net CFT: Pooled net commercial imports total
Pooled Net Phys.: Pooled net physical imports
DC Flow Tracing: Direct coupling flow tracing
AC Flow Tracing: Aggregated coupling flow tracing

All results are given in TWh for yearly values, and MWh for hourly values. Measures are defined in the [supplementary material](https://service.tib.eu/ldm_nfdi4energy/ldmservice/dataset/c7d4d129-8617-4281-9325-000e4db77909/resource/2e25914c-3e0b-42df-b1b2-6b73d35c7e27/download/imports_supplementary_material.pdf). Additional information on the flow tracing method can be found in [Schäfer et al. (2020)](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9221928) ([free preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.00893), [explanatory video](https://videoportal.uni-freiburg.de/video/tracing-carbon-dioxide-emissions-in-the-european-electricity-market/8296bd92990ccbd7e176be95dc1b1bc7)). Total values can slightly differ despite conceptually being equal due to numerical inaccuracies in the flow-tracing calculation.

*Note that the Pooled Netted CFT method has been deprecated and is not included in this dataset