Experimental warming effects on microbial community growth and mortality during the cold season in coastal waters of Taiwan and Japan

The study hypothesizes that viral lysis and grazing by microzooplankton significantly influence the net growth rates of bacterial populations, Synechococcus spp., and picoeukaryotes in marine environments. These processes may vary under different temperature conditions, particularly with ambient versus warming temperatures, and across different sample locations. The data comprises net growth rates of four microbial groups—bacteria, Synechococcus spp., picoeukaryotes, and picoeukaryotes—obtained from dilution series experiments. These experiments were conducted at three stations, T, J1 and J2, over two incubation periods (day 2 and day 5) and under two temperature regimes (ambient and warming). The seawater samples were filtered to two different levels: 0.2μm (removes large grazers) and 30 kDa (removes all microorganisms including virus) filtered seawater. The former retains small viruses and dissolved organic matter, while the latter is nearly sterile, removing even the smallest viruses and bacteria. The data indicates that warming temperatures generally enhance the net growth rates of bacteria and picoeukaryotes over time. This could be due to increased metabolic rates or a reduction in viral and grazing pressures at higher temperatures. These findings are crucial for understanding microbial dynamics in marine environments, particularly in the context of climate change. The differential responses of bacterial, cyanobacterial (Synechococcus spp.), and picoeukaryotic populations to viral lysis, grazing, and temperature changes can inform predictive models of microbial community structure and function under future oceanic conditions. This understanding is essential for managing marine ecosystems and predicting their responses to global warming.本研究提出如下假说：海洋环境中，病毒裂解与微型浮游动物牧食作用会显著影响细菌种群、聚球藻属(Synechococcus spp.)以及微微型真核浮游生物(picoeukaryotes)的净生长率。上述过程会随温度条件（尤其是环境温度与增温温度的差异）以及采样站位的不同而产生差异。本数据集包含四类微生物类群的净生长率数据——细菌、聚球藻属(Synechococcus spp.)、微微型真核浮游生物以及微微型真核浮游生物——数据来源于稀释系列实验。该实验设置了T、J1、J2三个采样站位，开展了两个培养周期（第2天与第5天），并设置了两种温度工况：环境温度与增温温度。海水样本经两种不同方式过滤：0.2μm过滤（可去除大型牧食者）与30 kDa（30千道尔顿）过滤（可去除包括病毒在内的所有微生物）。前者可保留小型病毒与溶解有机质，而后者几乎达到无菌状态，可去除哪怕是最小的病毒与细菌。数据显示，随培养时间推移，增温通常会提升细菌与微微型真核浮游生物的净生长率。这一现象可能源于高温下代谢速率提升，或是病毒与牧食压力降低。上述发现对于理解海洋环境中的微生物动态至关重要，尤其在气候变化的背景下。细菌、蓝细菌（聚球藻属(Synechococcus spp.)）与微微型真核浮游生物种群对病毒裂解、牧食作用以及温度变化的差异化响应，可为未来海洋环境下微生物群落结构与功能的预测模型提供参考依据。该认知对于海洋生态系统管理以及预测其对全球变暖的响应具有关键意义。