Dataset of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) in the Agricultural Ecosystem of the Heihe River Basin, 2007–2012

Dataset of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) in the Agricultural Ecosystem of the Heihe River Basin, 2007–2012 Wei Song a,b,* a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; b Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China *Corresponding author Abstract: By integrating multi-source data for 2007–2012 (crop types, NDVI time series, climate and irrigation records), we developed a 30-m resolution dataset of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) for the agricultural ecosystem of the Heihe River Basin. The Miami model, CASA model and process-based parameterisation were applied. The dataset contains three core indicators: total HANPP, land-use-change-induced HANPP (HANPP_LUC) and harvest-induced HANPP (HANPP_harv), covering maize, wheat, barley, rapeseed and other major crops. Basin-wide mean HANPP decreased from 762.4 gC m⁻² in 2007 to 712.1 gC m⁻² in 2012 (−6.6 %), with crop-type conversion accounting for 84.7 % of the decline. The dataset can support sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in arid regions, assessments of food ecological security and optimisation of irrigation strategies. Keywords: Heihe River Basin; agricultural ecosystem; HANPP; spatial heterogeneity; irrigation effect; crop type 1 Data sources and processing 1.1 Basic data Data type Period Source Resolution / accuracy Core purpose Crop-type map 2007、2012 Previous study (Liu et al., 2016) 30 m, OA > 85 % Distinguish crops for HANPP calculation NDVI time series 2007、2012 MODIS MOD13Q1 fused with Landsat 30m Retrieve actual NPP (NPP_act) Climate data 2007、2012 20 meteorological stations inside & around basin 30 m (ANUSPLIN) Compute potential NPP (NPP_pot) Irrigation data 2007、2012 30-m irrigation dataset interpolated 30m,R²>0.9 Supply water input for arid area, adjust NPP_pot DEM 2007、2012 ASTER GDEM Version 2 30 m, 17 m at 95 % CI Aid climate interpolation & solar-radiation calculation 1.2 Processing methods Core indicators Potential NPP (NPP_pot): Miami model using precipitation plus irrigation volume. Actual NPP (NPP_act): CASA model with NDVI-derived APAR and light-use efficiency (ε). Pre-processing: All layers projected to 30 m; 3 × 3 pixel mean filter to reduce terrain/soil noise; Pearson correlation used to validate climate/irrigation vs. HANPP. 2 Core results 2.1 Basin-scale HANPP change (2007–2012) Indicator 2007 2012 Change in quantity Rate Mean NPP_pot (gC m⁻²) 921.4 875.3 -46.1 -5.0% Mean NPP_act (gC m⁻²) 449.8 458.5 +8.7 +1.9% Mean HANPP_LUC (gC m⁻²) 471.6 416.8 -54.8 -11.6% Mean HANPP_harv (gC m⁻²) 290.7 295.3 +4.6 +1.6% Mean total HANPP (gC m⁻²) 762.4 712.1 -50.3 -6.6% HANPP/NPP_pot(%) 82.7 81.4 -1.3 -1.6% HANPP_LUC/HANPP(%) 61.9 58.5 -3.4 -5.5% HANPP_harv/HANPP(%) 38.1 41.5 +3.4 +8.9% 2.2 HANPP by major crop types Crop Total HANPP (gC m⁻²) HANPP_LUC(gC/m²)) HANPP_harv(gC/m² 2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012 Maize 845.9 820.0 529.2 505.3 316.7 314.7 Wheat 762.6 666.5 514.6 412.7 247.9 253.8 Barley 752.5 623.0 510.2 387.4 242.3 235.6 Rapeseed 703.9 633.6 408.1 311.5 295.8 322.1 Others 744.6 689.0 454.0 396.1 290.6 292.9 2.3 HANPP along climate & irrigation gradients Gradient Class 2007 HANPP(gC/m²) 2012 HANPP(gC/m²) Key feature Temp(℃) <5 576.2 551.7 Lowest in cool zones, increases with temperature 5-7 726.5 701.0 - 7-9 817.7 745.5 - >9 808.6 1029.0 Highest under high temp & irrigation Precip(mm) <50 1219.6 1068.6 Highest in dry zones, decreases with more rain 50-150 745.0 783.2 - >150 774.0 620.8 - Irrigation(mm) <200 449.0 367.2 Lowest under low irrigation, plateau after 1 000 mm 200-1000 888.6 824.8 - >1000 1164.9 1062.7 Water waste in high-irrigation zones 2.4 Contribution of crop-type conversion to HANPP change Conversion Contribution(10⁹gC) Share(%) Conversion Contribution(10⁹gC) Share(%) Maize → others -72.5 65.7 Others → maize 54.7 -49.5 Wheat → others -19.4 17.6 Rapeseed → maize 44.3 -40.1 Others → rapeseed -15.0 13.5 Barley → maize 0.3 -0.3 Total -93.6 84.7 - - - 3 Data notes and applications 3.1 Limitations Crop parameters (e.g., light-use efficiency, harvest index) were assumed spatially uniform, possibly introducing minor local bias; Lack of field-plot measurements for validation—simulated values should be calibrated with ground surveys; Policy changes after 2012 (e.g., expansion of water-saving irrigation) are not reflected. 3.2 Application directions Agronomic management: identify low-efficiency irrigation zones (> 1 000 mm) to optimise drip or demand-based watering; Crop planning: adjust planting structure according to crop-specific HANPP, reducing high-water-use/low-return crops; Ecological assessment: quantify human interference in agro-ecosystems, informing trade-offs between food security and conservation; Scientific research: underpin studies on drivers and spatio-temporal patterns of HANPP in arid regions.