Final model estimates explaining the variation observed along female behavioral principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3) in 45 mating groups of Alpine ibex according to: group size, group size² and adult sex ratio (ASR and ASR²).

Starting models also included the proportion of old (≥9-yrs) males (relative to all males of reproductive age) in mating groups, and all second order interactions. The presented models are those retained by stepwise model selection based on Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). For PC1, only groups belonging to the second mode of the bi-normal distribution (of sufficiently large sample size) were included in the analyses. Statistics excluding potential outliers are reported in the text. P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01.