The detected levels of Cd: cadmium; Hg: mercury; Pb: lead, As: arsenic and Zn: zinc; in the (A) maternal and (B) fetal serum and in the (C) placenta.

AGA: appropriate for gestational age; IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction; SGA: small for gestational age; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney test were used to compare the levels of Cd, Hg and As between the groups while Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc test were used for the Zn levels comparisons between the groups.