Characteristics of the 3 investigated study populations.

Data are presented as means±SD. aTuebingen Family Study (South Germany; non-diabetic individuals). bFinns, Danish, Dutch, Swedish and Germans from the EUGENE2 consortium [27]. Only non-diabetic EUGENE2 participants with complete datasets for AUCIns/AUCGluc calculations were analyzed. cMETabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) cohort from Kuopio (Finland), population-based (non-diabetic and diabetic individuals).