Beyond Size, Ionization State, and Lipophilicity: Influence of Molecular Topology on Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity for Druglike Compounds

The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of a compound is dependent on physicochemical properties such as molecular size, lipophilicity, and ionization state. However, much less is known regarding the relationship between ADMET and the molecular topology. In this study two descriptors related to the molecular topology have been investigated, the fraction of the molecular framework (fMF) and the fraction of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms (Fsp3). fMF and Fsp3, together with standard physicochemical properties (molecular size, ionization state, and lipophilicity), were analyzed for a set of ADMET assays. It is shown that aqueous solubility, Caco-2 permeability, plasma protein binding, human ether-a-go-go-related potassium channel protein inhibition, and CYP3A4 (CYP = cytochrome P450) inhibition are influenced by the molecular topology. These findings are in most cases independent of the already well-established relationships between the properties and molecular size, lipophilicity, and ionization state.