Whole genome sequencing-based assessment of the mutagenic effect of long-term acetaldehyde treatment of cultured human cells

Human TK6, HMEC, FaDu and SK-GT-4 cells were cultured for 30 days under continuous acetaldehyde treatment. Acetaldehyde was added three times per week at 100 uM concentration, and its concentration was monitored using analytical methods. Treatments were performed both at atmospheric (20%) and hypoxic (3%) oxygen concentration. Individual cell clones were isolated at the end of the treatment and subjected to whole genome sequencing for the assessment of base substitutions, insertions, deletions and structural rearrangements.