Data from: Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China – with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology

The genus Proceratium Roger, 1863 contains cryptic, subterranean ants that
are seldom sampled and rare in natural history collections. Furthermore,
most Proceratium specimens are extremely hairy and, due to their enlarged
and curved gaster, often mounted suboptimally. As a consequence, the
poorly observable physical characteristics of the material and its
scarcity result in a rather challenging alpha taxonomy of this group. In
this study, the taxonomy of the Chinese Proceratium fauna is reviewed and
updated by combining examinations of traditional light microscopy with
x-ray microtomography (micro-CT). Based on micro-CT scans of seven out of
eight species, virtual 3D surface models were generated that permit
in-depth comparative analyses of specimen morphology in order to overcome
the difficulties to examine physical material of Proceratium. Eight
Chinese species are recognized, of which three are newly described:
Proceratium bruelheidei Staab, Xu & Hita Garcia, sp. n. and P.
kepingmai sp. n. belong to the P. itoi clade and have been collected in
the subtropical forests of southeast China, whereas P. shohei sp. n.
belongs to the P. stictum clade and it is only known from a tropical
forest of Yunnan Province. Proceratium nujiangense Xu, 2006 syn. n. is
proposed as a junior synonym of P. zhaoi Xu, 2000. These taxonomic acts
raise the number of known Chinese Proceratium species to eight. In order
to integrate the new species into the existing taxonomic system and to
facilitate identifications, an illustrated key to the worker caste of all
Chinese species is provided, supplemented by species accounts with
high-resolution montage images and still images of volume renderings of 3D
models based on micro-CT. Moreover, cybertype datasets are provided for
the new species, as well as digital datasets for the remaining species
that include the raw micro-CT scan data, 3D surface models, 3D rotation
videos, and all light photography and micro-CT still images. These
datasets are available online (Dryad, Staab et al. 2018,
http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h6j0g4p).