Multi-source dataset for explainable agricultural drought prediction in semi-arid Tunisia (2001–2022)

This dataset contains 154,704 pixel-month observations used for agricultural drought prediction in five semi-arid governorates of central Tunisia (Kairouan, Kasserine, Sidi Bou Zid, Gafsa, and Siliana) over the period 2001–2022. It integrates 15 predictor variables including meteorological data (MERRA-2), topography (SRTM), soil properties (SoilGrids), and socioeconomic factors (WorldPop, ESA WorldCover). The target variable is the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI) derived from GLEAM v4.2a. Data is provided at a common spatial resolution of 0.05°.