Value-Added to What? How a Ceiling in the Testing Instrument Influences Value-Added Estimation
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Value-added measures of teacher quality may be sensitive to the quantitative properties of the student tests upon which they are based. This paper focuses on the sensitivity of value-added to test-score-ceiling effects. Test-score ceilings are increasingly common in testing instruments across the
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美国国家经济研究局创建时间：
2009-03-01
