Gender composition by academic field

<h2>Aggregated Gender Estimates by Scientific Field Since 1950</h2>

<p>
We extracted all profiles from research-type articles published in journals and conference proceedings indexed in <strong>Scopus</strong> since 1950. Books are excluded due to unreliable publication dates. From the publications, we infer all used first names, surnames, and the country of the first-listed org type affiliation.
</p>
<p>
Gender is estimated using first name and country information. The country is derived from the first available org type affiliation in the first available publication.
</p>
<p>
If a scientist appears with multiple first names, we use the one with the most matches in the gender database. Gender estimates are merged from <code>gender-api.com</code> using both name and country, and fallback to name only when needed.
</p>
<p>
For researchers from East Slavic countries
(<code>rus</code>, <code>blr</code>, <code>ukr</code>, <code>kaz</code>, <code>tkm</code>,
<code>uzb</code>, <code>kgz</code>, <code>geo</code>), we infer gender from the surname:
<code>-aja</code> and <code>-va</code> indicate female; <code>-v</code> indicates male.
</p>
<p>
A substantial number of researchers lack gender estimates, typically because no full first name was available.
</p>
<p>
Fields are defined at the ASJC-2 level and inferred from the source (journal or conference proceeding) in which the scientist publishes. If a source is assigned to multiple fields—as is often the case—the scientist is considered active in each of them.
</p>

<h3>Variables</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>year:</strong> Year of the publication</li>
<li><strong>field:</strong> ASJC-2 field</li>
<li><strong>female:</strong> Number of authors publishing in that year and that field estimated to be female</li>
<li><strong>male:</strong> Number of authors publishing in that year and that field estimated to be male</li>
<li><strong>unknown:</strong> Number of authors publishing in that year and that field without gender estimate</li>
</ul>