Theory Of Planned Behavior: A Path From Personality Traits To Traffic Violations

This was a cross-sectional study made on a sample of 236 respondents, aged 18 - 67 years (M = 39.19, SD = 11.25). Data were collected through several online survey campaigns made on social media networks, in Romania. The subjects were told that their participation helps researchers to better understand the predictors of road accidents and received no financial compensation for their effort. In order to be eligible to participate in the study, participants had to own a valid driving license and regularly drive a vehicle. The measures were: Personality, with a 300-item NEO IPIP questionnaire (Goldberg et al., 2006; Iliescu et al., 2015), a measure based on FFM; a TPB questionnaire (Găianu et al., 2020), constructed in complying with the guidelines developed by Ajzen (2006); and Romanian version (Sârbescu, 2013) of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Demographic variables: 1. Driving setting (CI_1): Personal use For work purposes 2. Driving experience (CI_2) Less than 3 years 4 – 10 years 11 – 20 years Above 20 years 3. Frequency of driving (CI_3) < 5 thousand km/year 5 – 10 thousand km/year 11 – 20 thousand km/year > 20 thousand km/year 4. Education (Edu) < Elementary Middle High > Masters 5. Age (Age) 25 years below 25 – 35 years 36 – 45 years 46 and above DBQ: lapses (dbq_n) mistakes (dbq_g) ordinary violations (dbq_ao) aggressive violations (dbq_ag) errors (dbq_n + dbq_g) violations (dbq_ao + dbq_ag) Behavioral situations (for TPB Questionnaire) Indicative (S1 - S7) and Statement of behavioral situation: S1 “You would be willing to go over the speed limit just to impress a passenger.” S2 “When you are in a rush you may violate certain traffic rules such as: slightly going over the speed limit, running a late yellow light, not respecting a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you etc.” S3 “If you encounter a vehicle that goes too slowly you do your best to overcome it, even if you are on a road where you are not allowed to do this.” S4 “If another vehicle annoys you in traffic, you do your best to show indignation to the person driving it.” S5 “You tend to compete with other drivers, such as forcing entering on a circulation band, abruptly accelerating at the traffic light etc.” S6 “Sometimes you drive the vehicle even after you have drunk some alcohol.” S7 “You use your mobile phone while driving without using a hands-free device.” TPB Questionnaire: Intention (i and INT) Attitude (a and ATT) Subjective norms (ns and SN) Descriptive norms (nd and DN) Perceptive behavior control (ccp and PBC) NEO IPIP: Neuroticism (n and N) Extraversion (e and E) Openness (o and O) Agreeableness (a and A) Conscientiousness (c and C)本研究为一项横断面研究（cross-sectional study），纳入236名受访者，年龄范围18-67岁（均值M=39.19，标准差SD=11.25）。数据通过罗马尼亚境内的多轮社交媒体线上调研收集。参与者被告知其参与有助于研究者更好地理解道路事故的预测因素，且未获得任何参与的经济补偿。本研究的入选条件为：持有有效机动车驾驶证且定期驾车。 本研究采用的测评工具如下： 1. 人格测评：采用基于五因素模型（Five-Factor Model, FFM）的300条目NEO IPIP问卷（NEO IPIP Questionnaire）（Goldberg等，2006；Iliescu等，2015）； 2. 计划行为理论（Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB）问卷：由Găianu等（2020）编制，严格遵循Ajzen（2006）提出的编制指南； 3. 驾驶员行为问卷（Driver Behavior Questionnaire, DBQ）的罗马尼亚语版本（Sârbescu，2013）。 人口统计学变量包括： 1. 驾驶场景（CI_1）：个人自用、工作用途 2. 驾驶时长（CI_2）：不足3年、4-10年、11-20年、20年以上 3. 驾驶频率（CI_3）：<5000公里/年、5-10千公里/年、11-20千公里/年、>20千公里/年 4. 受教育程度（Edu）：小学以下、中等教育、高中、硕士及以上 5. 年龄（Age）：25岁以下、25-35岁、36-45岁、46岁及以上 驾驶员行为问卷（DBQ）维度包括： 疏忽失误（dbq_n）、判断失误（dbq_g）、普通违规（dbq_ao）、攻击性违规（dbq_ag）；总失误得分（dbq_n + dbq_g）、总违规得分（dbq_ao + dbq_ag） 计划行为理论（TPB）问卷的行为情境（S1-S7）及情境表述如下： S1 "你愿意为了给乘客留下深刻印象而超速行驶。" S2 "当赶时间时，你可能会违反部分交通规则，例如轻微超速、闯黄灯、未与前车保持安全车距等。" S3 "若遇到行驶过慢的车辆，即便所在路段不允许超车，你也会尽力完成超车。" S4 "若在行车中被其他车辆干扰，你会尽力向对方驾驶员表达不满。" S5 "你倾向于与其他驾驶员较劲，例如强行变道、在红绿灯前急加速等。" S6 "有时即便饮用了酒精饮品，你仍会驾车。" S7 "驾驶时会使用手机且未配备免提装置。" 计划行为理论（TPB）问卷维度包括： 意向（i与INT）、态度（a与ATT）、主观规范（ns与SN）、描述性规范（nd与DN）、知觉行为控制（ccp与PBC） NEO IPIP问卷维度包括： 神经质（n与N）、外倾性（e与E）、开放性（o与O）、宜人性（a与A）、尽责性（c与C）