Jianpi-Yishen formula attenuates chronic kidney disease through the modulation of macrophage polarization and its interaction with amino acid metabolism

In this study, we utilized network pharmacology, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and metabolicanalysis in both in vivo and in vitro to investigate the effects of the JPYS formula on inflammation,immune response, specifically macrophage polarization, and metabolic alterations that couldpotentially slow the progression of CKD. Our results have identified that the interaction betweenamino acid metabolism and macrophage polarization is a central mechanism of the JPYS formulain reducing inflammatory injury in CKD.